Fabaceae

Abrus Adans.

1. Abrus fruticulosus Wall. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1 (1834) 236; Breteler, Blumea 10 (1960) 612; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 71, as ‘fruticulus’. = Abrus laevigatus E.Mey., Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. (Meyer) 1 (1836) 126; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 303. Distribution: Pantropic. LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte (photos), La Union, Laguna, Zambales, MINDORO, PANAY (photos). Notes: In Luzon from Abra to Laguna. Lowland and medium elevation thickets. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Abrus melanospermus Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) (1844) 282. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. PANAY. Native.
   • ssp. melanospermus. = Abrus pulchellus ssp. mollis (Hance) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 248; ≡ Abrus mollis Hance, J. Bot. 9 (1871) 430. = Abrus pulchellus Wall. ex Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. (1845) 228. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. PANAY. Native.
3. Abrus precatorius L., Syst. Nat., 12th Ed. (1767) 472; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 303; Breteler, Blumea 10 (1960) 617; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 69; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194. Distribution: Pantropic. APULIT, BICAWAYAN, BUYAYAO (photos), CALAYAN, CEBU (photos), CULION, DAMMAI, EAST BOLOD, GUIMARAS (photos), LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, OLANGO, PANAY (photos), PANIQUIAN, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIARGAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TICAO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Sea level and lowland and medium elevation dry thickets. 0-65m (photos). Native.

Acacia Mill.

1. Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1 (1842) 377; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 58; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3973; ≡ Racosperma auriculiforme (A.Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92 (1986) 247. Distribution: Australia, Moluccas, New Guinea. CEBU (photos), LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Zambales (photos), MARARISON (photos). Notes: Introduced elsewhere in SE Asia, including the Philippines where it is also now thoroughly naturalized. Naturalized.
2. Acacia confusa Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 27; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 248; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 61; Rojo, Rev. Lexicon Philip. Trees (1999) 248; Maslin et al., Plant Diversity 41 (2019) 451; ≡ Racosperma confusum (Merr.) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92 (1986) 215; Type: Merrill 2114 (HBG, K, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Zambales, Subig (Subic) and vicinity, Apr-1903. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. CEBU (photos), LUZON: Benguet, Zambales, NEGROS (photos). Notes: On slopes and dry forest at low elevation. Widely planted in the Philippines. Specimens collected in Cavite and Laguna are most probably of cultivated origin. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Cryptogenic.
3. Acacia mangium Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 1053; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 59; Rojo, Rev. Lexicon Philip. Trees (1999) 248; ≡ Racosperma mangium (Willd.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2 (1987) 352. Distribution: Australia, Moluccas, New Guinea. PALAWAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Introduced and naturalized in the Philippines as a reforestation crop. Naturalized.

Acaciella Britton & Rose (Not native)

1. Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (1928) 100; ≡ Mimosa angustissima Mill., Gard. Dict., 8th Ed. (1768) n.19. Naturalized.
   • var. angustissima. Distribution: America. Notes: Not native to the Philippines (Rico A. & Bachman 2006). Naturalized? Naturalized.
2. Acaciella glauca (L.) L.Rico, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 63 (2006) 210; ≡ Acacia glauca (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) (1794) 466; Faridah Hanum & Van der Maesen, PROSEA 11 (1997) 58; ≡ Mimosa glauca L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 520. = Acaciella villosa (Sw.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (1928) 104; ≡ Mimosa villosa Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) (1788) 85. Distribution: America. Notes: Naturalized (PNH 7014)? P.B. Pelser (11-Feb-22): Rico A. & Bachman (2006) explain that Acaciella glauca (L.) L.Rico and Acaciella villosa (Sw.) Britton & Rose are taxonomically distinct, but it is unclear to me which of these was introduced to the Philippines. Naturalized.

Adenanthera L.

1. Adenanthera intermedia Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 228; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 229; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 168; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 251; Nielsen, Nordic J. Bot. 12 (1992) 102; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 169; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte (photos), Isabela, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAUI (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Primary forests. Fl. & fr. probably throughout the year. 0-700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Adenanthera pavonina L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 384. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Only known from cultivation in the Philippines (Nielsen 1992). Cultivated, not naturalized.

Possibly present

1. Adenanthera kostermansii I.C.Nielsen, Nordic J. Bot. 12 (1992) 100; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11. Distribution: Borneo, ?Philippines. ?HOMONHON, ?LEYTE, ?MINDANAO: ?Surigao.

Adinobotrys Dunn (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Adinobotrys atropurpureus (Wall.) Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911 (1911) 197; ≡ Callerya atropurpurea (Wall.) Schot, Blumea 39 (1994) 15; ≡ Millettia atropurpurea (Wall.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 249; ≡ Pongamia atropurpurea Wall., Numer. List (1831-1832) n.5910, nom. inval., nom. nud. Distribution: Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Aeschynomene L. (Not native)

1. Aeschynomene americana L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 713; Rudd, Reinwardtia 5 (1959) 25; Type: from Jamaica. Distribution: BOHOL, LUZON, MINDORO, PANAY (photos). Naturalized.
   • var. americana. Distribution: Caribbean. BOHOL, LUZON. Notes: Introduced to Malesia in Java and the Philippines. Naturalized.
2. Aeschynomene indica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 715; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 237; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 282; Rudd, Reinwardtia 5 (1959) 30; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 32. Distribution: N America. NEGROS (photos). Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Now widely distributed in tropical and warm temperate part of the Old World. Open water-logged grasslands and rice paddies. Naturalized.

Possibly present

1. Aeschynomene aspera L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 713. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Moody (1989) and Caton et al. (2010) as a weed of rice fields, but no specimens cited.

Afzelia Sm.

1. Afzelia rhomboidea (Blanco) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 72; S.Vidal, Cat. Pl. Prov. Manila (1880) 28; Ding Hou, Blumea 38 (1994) 318; Ding Hou et. al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 441; ≡ Pahudia rhomboidea (Blanco) Prain, Sci. Mem. Off. Med. Dept. Gov. India 12 (1901) 46; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 257; ≡ Eperua rhomboidea Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 260; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 119. = Intsia acuminata Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 17 (1904) 20; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 257. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra. APULIT, BUCAS GRANDE (photos), CULION, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas (photos), Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR (photos), SIARGAO, SIBUYAN, TICAO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines; low to medium elevation primary forests. 0-350(-1400)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Aganope Miq.

1. Aganope heptaphylla (L.) Polhill, Kew Bull. 25 (1971) 268; ≡ Derris heptaphylla (L.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 273; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 299; ≡ Sophora heptaphylla L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 373. = Pterocarpus diadelphus Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 563; ≡ Derris diadelpha (Blanco) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 103; Type: Merrill Species Blancoanea 344 (L, neo), Palawan: Taytay, May-1913. Distribution: India to Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUBANG, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Isabela, La Union, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: In thickets, secondary forests, etc., at low and medium elevation. Native.
2. Aganope thyrsiflora (Benth.) Polhill, Kew Bull. 25 (1971) 268; ≡ Derris thyrsiflora Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.) (1860) 114; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 301. Distribution: Java, Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Lowland thickets. Native.

Airyantha Brummitt

1. Airyantha borneensis (Oliv.) Brummitt, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 378; ≡ Baphia borneensis Oliv., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 25 (1896) t.2456; Merrill, PJS 30 (1926) 396; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995). Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Known from PNH 3993 Sulit, A, PNH; Merrill (1926) cites two collections. Lowland forest. Native.

Albizia Durazz.

1. Albizia acle (Blanco) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 25; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 245; Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 46; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 71; ≡ Pithecellobium acle (Blanco) S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 121; ≡ Serialbizzia acle (Blanco) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 16.; ≡ Mimosa acle Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 738; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 509; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 3 (1879) 140. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. BALABAC, BILIRAN, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Bulacan, Ifugao, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, NEGROS, PALAWAN, TABLAS. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Lowland forests, humid forests. Fl. Mar-Apr; fr. Sep-Oct, Jan-Feb. Common name: Akle. 0-150m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Albizia corniculata (Lour.) Druce, Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles Rep. 4 (1917) 603; Merrill, PJS 13c (1918) 140; Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 45; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 73; ≡ Mimosa corniculata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 651; Type: from S China. = Albizia scandens Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 265; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 21; Merrill, PJS 11c (1916) 87; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 248; Cockburn, Trees Sabah 1 (1976) 185. Distribution: Borneo, China, Indochina, Philippines, Thailand. PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAMLANGON, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Forests. 0-300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 87; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 246; Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 30; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 75; ≡ Mimosa lebbeck L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 516. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. BUSUANGA, PALAWAN. Notes: Probably native of mainland Asia; cultivated and naturalized throughout Malesia including the Philippines. Naturalized.
4. Albizia lebbekoides (DC.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 89; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 246; Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 38; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 76; ≡ Acacia lebbekoides DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 467. Distribution: Cambodia, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. DINAGAT, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Bulacan, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Cotabato, MINDORO. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. In dry thickets and secondary forests. Fl. Mar-Jun, Sep; fr. Oct-Dec, Mar, May. 0-800(-?1800)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Albizia pedicellata Baker ex Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 30 (1875) 563; Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 44; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 78. = Albizia magallanensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 693; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 247; Type: Elmer 12089. = Albizia myriantha Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 8. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests. 10-240(-500)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Albizia philippinensis I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 42; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 79. = Albizia marginata Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 23. ≠ Albizia julibrissin auct. non Durazz.; Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 5. ≠ Albizia chinensis auct. non (Osbeck) Merr.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 246. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: Hill forest. Fl. Aug-Sep; fr. Apr, Jun. 250m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 89; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 247; Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 30; Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 11 (1992) 79; ≡ Mimosa procera Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2 (1799) 12. Distribution: Australia, China, India, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand. BATAN, BUSUANGA, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Batangas. Second-growth forests, thickets, parang vegetation in regions subject to a long dry season. Fl. & fr. throughout the year. 0-1545m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Albizia retusa Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 90; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 247; Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 30; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 80. Distribution: BALABAC, BATANES, CADLAO, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Misamis, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 50(-900)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. retusa. Distribution: Australia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Thailand. BATANES, LUZON, MINDANAO, PALAWAN. Notes: Throughout Malesia; throughout the Philippines; scattered along the seashore. 50(-900)m. Native.
9. Albizia saponaria (Lour.) Blume ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 19; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 247; Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 32; Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 11 (1992) 82; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193; ≡ Mimosa saponaria Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 653. Distribution: BASILAN, BILIRAN, CEBU (photos), GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Norte, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALMAS, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-1050m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. saponaria. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Cagayan, MINDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Also widely cultivated. N Luzon to Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago. Common in secondary forests, parang vegetation, roadsides, seashore, etc. Fl. Apr-Dec; fr. Jan-Mar, May-Aug, Oct-Nov. 0-1050m. Native.
   • var. velutina I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 33; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 83. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO. Notes: 0-860m. Native.
10. Albizia splendens Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 280; Nielsen, Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 11 (1992) 83; De la Estrella et al., Nordic J. Bot. 25 (2007) 46. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Bulacan, Quezon, Rizal, PALAWAN. Notes: 0-700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Needs name

1. Albizia butarek, ined. Distribution: LUZON: Isabela. Notes: From Palanan Forest Dynamics Plot. Allied to Albizia kostermansii from Borneo, differing mainly in having a ferruginous inflorescence axis. Native.

Alysicarpus Neck. ex Desv.

1. Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 352; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 241; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 292; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 88; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 47; ≡ Hedysarum bupleurifolium L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 745. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bulacan, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, SAMAR. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. Along roadsides, grasslands, cultivated lands, etc., in sunny places subject to a pronounced dry season, low to medium elevation. 0-950m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Alysicarpus ovalifolius (Schumach.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 24 (1954) 88; ≡ Hedysarum ovalifolium Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. (1827) 359. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sumatra, Taiwan. Native.
3. Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 353; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 242; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 292; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 87; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 47; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194; ≡ Hedysarum vaginale L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 746. = Alysicarpus nummulariifolius DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 353; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 242; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 292; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 47. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BASILAN, BATANES, BOHOL, CALAYAN, CEBU, HERMANA MAYOR, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SABTANG, SIARGAO. Notes: Widespread in the Philippines, especially in areas subjected to at least a short annual dry season. Along roadsides, grasslands, cultivated lands, etc. 0-1225m. Native.

Possibly present

1. Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 353; Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 148; ≡ Hedysarum moniliferum L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 102. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, India, Indian Ocean, Myanmar, Pakistan, ?Philippines, Sri Lanka. ?LUZON. Notes: Philippine record based on Clemens 17871 (SING) from Luzon. If present, probably not native to the Philippines.

Amherstia Wall. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Amherstia nobilis Wall., Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 3 (1828) 223; Corner, Wayside Trees, ed. 2, 1 (1952) 378; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 530; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 717. Distribution: Myanmar. Notes: Introduced and cultivated in the Philippines. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Arachis L. (Not native)

1. Arachis hypogaea L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 741; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 237; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 283; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 34. Distribution: Neotropics. Notes: Now widely cultivated in most tropical and subtropical countries. Naturalized in open areas. Peanut. Naturalized.
2. Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C.Greg., Bonplandia 8 (1994) 81. Distribution: S America. LUZON: Abra. Notes: Reported as naturalised in Abra Prov by Loralyn R. Casio. Cultivated as a ground cover. 300m (photos). Naturalized.

Archidendron F.Muell.

1. Archidendron apoense (Elmer) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 46; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 95; ≡ Zygia apoensis (Elmer) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 31.; ≡ Pithecellobium apoense Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 694; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 242. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Humid montane forest. 1100-1350m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C.Nielsen, Adansonia, 2nd Sér. 19 (1979) 15; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 97; Coritico et al., J. Trop. Biol. & Cons. 19 (2022) 149; ≡ Abarema clypearia (Jack) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 42.; ≡ Pithecellobium clypearia (Jack) Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 209; ≡ Inga clypearia Jack, Malayan Misc. 2 (1822) 78. = Abarema angulata (Benth.) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 47.; ≡ Albizia angulata (Benth.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu App. B (1875) 47; ≡ Pithecellobium angulatum Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 208; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 242. Distribution: ALABAT, BABUYAN ISLS, BALABAC, BATANES, BILIRAN, CALAYAN, CAMIGUIN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CEBU (photos), CULION, DINAGAT, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LOGBON, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN, TICAO. Notes: 0-2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. clypearia. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. LOGBON, LUZON: Aurora, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, La Union, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. 0-1200m. Native.
   • var. casai (Blanco) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 54; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 98; ≡ Mimosa scutifera var. casai Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 736; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 508; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 3 (1879) 138. = Abarema clypearia forma prainiana Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 46, nom. rej.; ≡ Pithecellobium prainianum Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 61; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 244. = Abarema clypearia forma subacutum Kosterm., Adansonia, 2nd Sér. 6 (1966) 354, nom. rej.; ≡ Pithecellobium subacutum Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 210; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 244. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. BATANES, CAMIGUIN, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas (photos), Benguet, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Lowland forests, most common in montane forests. 0-2000m. Native.
   • var. montanum (Benth.) M.G.Gangop. & Chakrab., J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 17 (1993) 688; ≡ Pithecellobium montanum<\i> Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 209. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Native.
   • var. sessiliflorum (Merr.) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 54; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 99; ≡ Pithecellobium sessiliflorum Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 262; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 244; Type: BS 34675 Ramos & Pascasio. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Thailand. MINDANAO: Surigao. Notes: Along streams. 0-330m. Native.
3. Archidendron ellipticum (Blume) I.C.Nielsen, Adansonia, 2nd Sér. 19 (1979) 21; Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 68; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 100; ≡ Abarema elliptica (Blume) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 53.; ≡ Pithecellobium ellipticum (Blume) Hassk., Retzia 1 (1855) 225; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 243; ≡ Inga elliptica Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 88. Distribution: CEBU, LUZON: Abra, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 0-900m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. ellipticum. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. MINDANAO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Forests, old clearings, etc., common along forest edges, along rivers and creeks. Fl. fr. throughout the year. 0-600m. Native.
   • ssp. cordifoliolatum I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 68; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 101. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Light woods and ravines. 100-900m. Native.
4. Archidendron fagifolium (Blume ex Miq.) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 38; ≡ Pithecellobium fagifolium Blume ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 35. Distribution: Java, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, JOLO, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-1150m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. mindanaense (Merr.) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 39; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 104; ≡ Abarema mindanaensis (Merr.) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 63.; ≡ Pithecellobium mindanaense Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 18; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 243. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, JOLO, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis, Zamboanga, PALAWAN, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Thickets and secondary forest, also on forested ridges. 0-1150m. Native.
5. Archidendron falcatum I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 44; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 104. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Quezon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN, TICAO. Notes: Level land at low elevation. Fl. Jun-Jul, Oct, fr. Jan, May-Jun. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Archidendron merrillii (J.F.Macbr.) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 48; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 108; ≡ Pithecellobium merrillii J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11 (1931) 26; Type: Merrill Philip. Pl. 1779 (L, NY, SING, iso), Luzon: Benguet, railroad grade W of Baguio, in ravines along small streams, c. 1300m, May-1914. = Abarema multiflora (Merr.) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 62, nom. illeg.; ≡ Pithecellobium multiflorum Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 11, nom. illeg., non (Kunth) Benth.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 243, pro parte (BS 31142). Distribution: ?Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Quezon, MINDORO, PANAY, PANGULASIAN. Notes: Forest. 800-1300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 41; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 112; ≡ Abarema pauciflora (Benth.) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 60.; ≡ Pithecellobium pauciflorum Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 212; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 244. Distribution: BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-1200m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. pauciflorum. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi. BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, MINDANAO: Surigao, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. 0-1200m. Native.
   • var. caulostachyum (Merr.) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 46; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 112; ≡ Zygia caulostachya (Merr.) Kosterm., Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië 20 (1954) 26.; ≡ Pithecellobium caulostachyum Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 10; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 242; Type: Merrill Philip. Pl. 1637 (NY, holo; L, SING, US, iso), Samar, Mt Cauayan, on forested slopes, Apr-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Lowland forests. 500m. Native.
8. Archidendron scutiferum (Blanco) I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 76 (1984) 43; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 113; ≡ Pithecellobium scutiferum (Blanco) Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 211; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 244; ≡ Mimosa scutifera Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 735; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 507; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 3 (1879) 138. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Bataan, Batangas, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Primary and secondary forests. Common. 0-900m to 950m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Bauhinia L.

1. Bauhinia acuminata L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 375; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 230; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 258; de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 393; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 445. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Indigenous to the monsoon area. Also widely cultivated and a frequent escape from gardens. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Bauhinia purpurea L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 375; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 261; de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 406; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 452; Type: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 1050 (L, neo; US, isoneo). Distribution: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan. LUZON: Abra (photos), Quezon (photos). Notes: Cultivated throughout S and SE Asia. 600m (photos). Naturalized.
3. Bauhinia tomentosa L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 375; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 261; de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 409; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 454. Notes: Origin in tropical Asia, probably spontaneous in India. Introduced and cultivated in the Philippines, sometimes escaping. Naturalized.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Bauhinia monandra Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42 (1873) 73; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 260; de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 401; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 450; Type: from Myanmar. Notes: Origin unknown, only known in the cultivated state. Closest relatives from South America and hence may be neotropic. Widely cultivated in the tropics on account of its showy flowers. In Malesia grown all over, but not commonly. Not naturalized? Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Bauhinia variegata L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 375; de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 411; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 454. Distribution: China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Widely cultivated in the tropics, also in Malesia. Not naturalized? Cultivated, not naturalized.

Biancaea Tod.

1. Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O.Deg., Fl. Hawaiiensis 3 (1936) Fam. 169; ≡ Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.) (1931) 89; Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 24; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 543; ≡ Reichardia decapetala Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. (1821) 212; Type: from India. = Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 360; Hort. Beng. (1814) 32, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 55; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 268; Type: from India. = Mezoneuron benguetense (Elmer) Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 362; ≡ Caesalpinia benguetensis Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 226; Type: Elmer 8720 (BO, K, L, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1907. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet, Isabela, NCR, Rizal. Notes: Also cultivated in other tropical countries and then run wild. Thickets about limestone cliffs and boulders. 1000-1700(-2000)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Biancaea parviflora (Prain) Mayta & Molinari, Weberbauerella 1 (2016) 3; ≡ Caesalpinia parviflora Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66 (1897) 230; Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 45; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 549; Type: from Peninsular Malaysia. = Caesalpinia minutiflora Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1803; Type: Elmer 12969 (BM, K, L, NY, P, PNH, U, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (Thumb Peak), over riverbank woods at 250ft in red stony soil, Apr-1911. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forests and clearings. 76m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod., Hort. Bot. Panorm. 1 (1875) 3; ≡ Caesalpinia sappan L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 381; Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 51; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 551; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Origin unknown. Cultivated in S & SE Asia, Malesia, Africa and America. Sometimes escaped from cultivation. Throughout the Philippines at low and medium elevation. In dry thickets, parang, etc., locally abundant. Naturalized.

Brachypterum (Wight & Arn.) Benth.

1. Brachypterum cumingii (Benth.) Adema & Sirich., Blumea 64 (2019) 278; ≡ Solori cumingii (Benth.) Sirich. & Adema, Taxon 63 (2014) 532; ≡ Derris cumingii Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.) (1860) 104; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 82; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 104; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 299; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 66; Type: Cuming 1208 (K, lecto; K, L, MO, isolecto), Philippines. = Derris cumingiana S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 113. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Bulacan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Rizal. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets. Native.
2. Brachypterum philippinense (Merr.) Adema & Sirich., Blumea 64 (2019) 278; ≡ Solori philippinensis (Merr.) Sirich. & Adema, Taxon 63 (2014) 533; ≡ Derris philippinensis Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 104; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 300; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 67; ≡ Derris multiflora var. longifolia Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.) (1860) 108; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Type: Cuming 1162 (K, lecto; E, L, isolecto), Luzon. ≠ Derris multiflora auct. non Benth.; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 112; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 83; Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 66. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and forests. (?-)1400m. Native.
3. Brachypterum scandens (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 138; ≡ Solori scandens (Roxb.) Sirich. & Adema, Taxon 63 (2014) 533; ≡ Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.) (1860) 103; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 68; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 23; Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 112; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 84; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 40; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 104; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 248; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 186; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 301; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 65; ≡ Dalbergia scandens Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2 (1798) 49. = Galedupa frutescens Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 562; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 391; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 354. = Millettia litoralis Dunn, PJS 6c (1911) 316; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 279; Type: DeVore & Hoove 250 (K, holo), Mindanao: St Cruz. Distribution: India to China through Malesia to Australia. BASILAN, BURIAS, BUSUANGA, CEBU, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR, TABLAS. Notes: N Luzon to Palawan and Mindanao. Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Native.

Brownea Jacq. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Brownea grandiceps Jacq., Collectanea (Jacquin) 3 (1791) 287; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 720. Distribution: S America. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Brownea × hybrida Backer, Schoolfl. Java (1911) 418; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 530; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 720. Notes: Hybrid of unknown origin and uncertain descent. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Caesalpinia L. (Not native)

1. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Observ. Bot. (Swartz) (1791) 66; Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 50; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 551; ≡ Poinciana pulcherrima L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 380; Type: from India (syn). Distribution: America. LUZON: Aurora (photos), Isabela (photos). Notes: Now distributed pantropically. Cultivated as an ornamental throughout the Philippines, naturalized in some regions. Naturalized.

Cajanus DC.

1. Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Helios 11 (1893) 133; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 255; Interpret. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 282; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 190; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 314; Satthaphorn et al., Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 46 (2018) 78; ≡ Cytisus cajan L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 739; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 597; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 93. = Cajanus bicolor DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. (1813) 85; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 416; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1879) 396. = Cajanus indicus Spreng., Syst. Veg., 16th Ed. 3 (1826) 248; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 66; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 110; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 82; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 126. Distribution: Africa, Madagascar. BALABAC, CULION, PANAY (photos). Notes: Probably of prehistoric introduction, now pantropic. Throughout the Philippines in the settled areas, cultivated, semi-cultivated or spontaneous. 0-2400m. Naturalized.
2. Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars, Dict. Sci. Nat., 2nd Ed. 6 (1816) 167; Satthaphorn et al., Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 46 (2018) 84; ≡ Cantharospermum scarabaeoides (L.) Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1st Ser. 1 (1883) 384, as 'scarabeoideum'; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 128; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 128; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 315; ≡ Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 245; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 66; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 88; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 91; ≡ Dolichos scarabaeoides L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 726. Distribution: China, India, Indian Ocean, Malay Peninsula, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, ?Aurora (photos), Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, Tarlac, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, OLANGO, SIQUIJOR. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. Low and medium elevation grasslands and thickets. 0-840m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Cajanus volubilis (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 447; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1879) 395; Satthaphorn et al., Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 46 (2018) 86; ≡ Atylosia volubilis (Blanco) Gamble, Fl. Madras 1 (1918) 369; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 91; ≡ Cantharospermum volubile (Blanco) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 127; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 127; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 190; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 315; ≡ Cytisus volubilis Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 599; Type: Merrill's Species Blancoanae No. 142 (US, neo; A, BM, CAL, GH, K, L, NY, W, isoneo), Luzon: Rizal, Antipolo, 6-Nov-1914. = Cajanus crassus (Prain ex King) Maesen, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 85 (1986) 105; ≡ Atylosia crassa Prain ex King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66 (1897) 45. = Atylosia mollis Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 243; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 66; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 23; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 110; Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 88. Distribution: Australia, China, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, UBIAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets. 10-1500m. Native.

Calliandra Benth. (Not native)

1. Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn., Linnaea 21 (1848) 251; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 212; Rojo, Rev. Lexicon Philip. Trees (1999) 255. Distribution: C America. LUZON: Quezon (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), NEGROS (photos). Notes: Cultivated as an ornamental. Naturalized in thickets and secondary forest. Naturalized.
2. Calliandra haematocephala Hassk., Retzia 1 (1855) 216; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 555; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 212; Rojo, Rev. Lexicon Philip. Trees (1999) 255; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 19. Distribution: S America. SAMAR. Notes: Widely cultivated as an ornamental. Naturalized in along trails in forest (W. Suarez pers. comm.) and on riparian slopes (D. Cabactulan, pers. comm.). Naturalized.
3. Calliandra tergemina (L.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 96; ≡ Mimosa tergemina L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 517. Distribution: C & S America. LUZON: Pampanga (photos). Notes: Possibly naturalized in Pampanga and elsewhere in Luzon. Naturalized.

Calopogonium Desv. (Not native)

1. Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) C.Wright, Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 5 (1869) 337; ≡ Stenolobium caeruleum Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. (1837) 61. Distribution: America. LUZON: Camarines Sur (photos). Notes: Naturalized in thickets. Naturalized.
2. Calopogonium mucunoides Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 9 (1826) 423; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 631; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 94. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON: Bataan (photos), Batangas (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: A very common weed throughout the lowland open areas of the Philippines. Thoroughly naturalized. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Naturalized.

Canavalia DC.

1. Canavalia cathartica Thouars, J. Bot. Agric. 1 (1813) 81; Sauer, Brittonia 16 (1964) 158; Quisumb., Araneta J. Agric. 12 (1965) 2. = Canavalia microcarpa (DC.) Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 30 (1917) 177; Merr., Interpret. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 280; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 313; ≡ Lablab microcarpus DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 402. = Canavalia turgida Graham ex A.Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. (1854) 440; Graham in Wall., Cat. (1832) No. 5534, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 81; Merrill, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 450; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 124; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 257. ≠ Canavalia obtusifolia auct. non (Lam.) DC.; Prain, J. As. Soc. Beng. 66, 2 (1897) 68; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 88; Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 67. Distribution: India to China, Malesia, Taiwan. ALABAT, BACUIT ISLS (photos), BALABAC, BANCALAN, BATAN, BATANES, BILIRAN, BORACAY (photos), CAGAYAN DE SULU, CALAYAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CATANDUANES, ITBAYAT, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Lanao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Cultivated in Hawaii for flowers. Coastal thickets especially immediately behind beach, lake margins. 0-600m. Native.
2. Canavalia macrobotrys Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 13; Sauer, Brittonia 16 (1964) 158; Quisumb., Araneta J. Agric. 12 (1965) 5; Type: BS 17517 Ramos (US, lecto), Samar: Cauayan Valley, 14-Mar-1914. = Canavalia luzonica Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 30 (1917) 177; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 313; Type: Baker 2791 (PNH, holo, lost?), Luzon: Laguna, Los Baños. ≠ Canavalia ensiformis auct. non (L.) DC.; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 88; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 125, pro majore parte; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 258. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUBANG, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland to medium elevation dry thickets and forests. (?-)1400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Canavalia ramosii J.D.Sauer, Brittonia 16 (1964) 156; Quisumb., Araneta J. Agric. 12 (1965) 7; Type: BS 42637 Ramos (UC, holo; SING, UC, US, W, iso), Bohol: Bilar, open places along the forest, 2000ft, 12-Sep-1923. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, PANAY. Notes: Open sites in forests. (?-)600m. Native.
4. Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 404; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 313; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; ≡ Dolichos roseus Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) (1788) 105. = Canavalia maritima Thouars, J. Bot. Agric. 1 (1813) 80; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 242; Sauer, Brittonia 16 (1964) 163; Quisumb., Araneta J. Agric. 12 (1965) 6. = Dolichos maritimus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane (1775) 765. ≠ Dolichos acinaciformis auct. non Jacq.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 578. ≠ Dolichos ensiformis auct. non L.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 404; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 377. ≠ Canavalia lineata auct. non (Thunb.) DC.; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 410; PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 125; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 257; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 187; Sauer, Brittonia 16 (1964) 162; Quisumb., Araneta J. Agric. 12 (1965) 5. Distribution: Pantropic. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, BATANES, BUCAS GRANDE, CATANDUANES, FUGA, GIGATANGAN, HOMONHON, KALANGGAMAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, NCR, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon (photos), Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Occidental (photos), Davao Oriental (photos), Lanao del Sur, Sultan Kudarat (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO. Notes: P.B. Pelser (12-Jan-20): Dolichos maritimus Aublet is not the basionym of Canavalia maritima Thouars (Moteetee 2016). Widespread in the Philippines. Along sandy seashores, usually in association with beach morning glory, Ipomoea pescaprae. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 404; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 64; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 125; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 312; Sauer, Brittonia 16 (1964) 142; Quisumb., Araneta J. Agric. 12 (1965) 4; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 96; ≡ Dolichos ensiformis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 725. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO. Notes: Now pantropic in distribution. Occasionally planted in the Philippines but nowhere spontaneous. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 404; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 403; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1870) 376; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 126; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 258; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 189; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 312; Sauer, Brittonia 16 (1964) 150; Quisumb., Araneta J. Agric. 12 (1965) 4; ≡ Dolichos gladiatus Jacq., Collectanea (Jacquin) 2 (1788) 276. ≠ Dolichos ensiformis auct. non L.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 577. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON, MINDORO. Cultivated, not naturalized.
   • var. gladiata. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON. Notes: Now pantropic in distribution. Occasionally planted, but nowhere spontaneous. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Cassia L.

1. Cassia fistula L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 377; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1956) 207; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 339; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 237; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 77; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 116; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 14; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 63; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 82; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 50; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 234; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 174; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 262; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 557; Agoo et al., Manila J. of Science 16 (2023) 33. Distribution: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka. LUZON: Cagayan, Laguna, NCR, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Lanao del Norte (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Most certainly introduced in the Philippines. Naturalized.
2. Cassia grandis L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 230; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 559; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); Agoo et al., Manila J. of Science 16 (2023) 33. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Introduced as an ornamental all over the tropics. Naturalized.
3. Cassia javanica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 378; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 70; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 24; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 116; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 14; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 63; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 82; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 48; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 174; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 263; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 561; Agoo et al., Manila J. of Science 16 (2023) 36; Type: from India. Distribution: BALABAC, BATAN, BATANES, BURIAS, BUSUANGA, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija (photos), Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. javanica; Agoo et al., Manila J. of Science 16 (2023) 36. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines. BALABAC, BURIAS, BUSUANGA, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO. Notes: Palawan Cherry. Widespread in Malesia, wild and cultivated. Now widely cultivated all over tropical Asia. In the more seasonal parts of the Philippines, low elevation. Native.
   • ssp. nodosa (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 25 (1974) 205; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 564; Agoo et al., Manila J. of Science 16 (2023) 46; ≡ Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 336. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Thailand. Notes: Also widely cultivated in the Neotropics. Cultivated, not naturalized, in the more seasonal parts of the Philippines, low elevation. Cultivated, not naturalized.
   • ssp. pubifolia (Merr.) K.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 403; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 564, as ‘pubiflora’; Agoo et al., Manila J. of Science 16 (2023) 31; ≡ Cassia javanica var. pubifolia Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 48; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 263; Type: Decades Philip. Forest Fl. No. 37, leg. Ahern’s collector (NY, lecto; US, isolecto), Luzon: Rizal, Antipolo, Mar-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Sur, NCR, Nueva Ecija (photos), Rizal. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation open forests and other open sites. Native.

Centrosema (DC.) Benth. (Not native)

1. Centrosema molle Mart. ex Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. (1837) 55. ≠ Centrosema pubescens auct. non Benth.; Pancho & Obien, Manual Ricefield Weeds Philip. (1995) 130; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 104. Distribution: S America. LUZON: Abra (photos), Cagayan (photos), Camarines Sur (photos), MINDANAO: Davao de Oro (photos), MINDORO (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Introduced and thoroughly naturalized in the Philippines. A common weed in cultivated fields and occasionally along ricefield dikes and canals. 760m (photos). Naturalized.
2. Centrosema plumieri (Turpin ex Pers.) Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. (1837) 54; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 65; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 109; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 258; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 303; Pancho & Obien, Manual Ricefield Weeds Philip. (1995) 130; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 104; ≡ Clitoria plumieri Turpin ex Pers., Syn. Pl. (Pers.) 2 (1807) 303. Distribution: S America. PANAY (photos). Notes: Introduced and thoroughly naturalized throughout the Philippines. A common weed in cultivated fields and occasionally along ricefield dikes and canals. Naturalized.

Chamaecrista Moench

1. Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4 (1899) 27; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 567; ≡ Cassia mimosoides L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 379; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 51; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 263; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1956) 283; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Origin probably in continental SE Asia. Usually regarded as introduced in Malesia, Africa and the neotropics. Low and medium elevation grasslands. (?-)400m (photos) to 1500m. Naturalized.
2. Chamaecrista mindanaensis (Merr.) K.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 404; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 569; ≡ Cassia mindanaensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 388; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 264; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1956) 286; Type: FB 28245 Mataya (NY), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Bulan, along banks of streams, c. 40m, 23-Nov-1920. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental. Notes: Low elevation, along streams. 0-500m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Christia Moench

1. Christia obcordata (Poir.) Bakh.f., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 91; ≡ Lourea obcordata (Poir.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1 (1813) 122; DC., Prodr. 2 (1825) 324; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 293; ≡ Hedysarum obcordatum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 6 (1805) 425. Distribution: India to China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO. Notes: Dry grasslands usually subject to periodic burning, roadsides and other sunny sites, lowlands generally. (?-)1050m. Native.
2. Christia vespertilionis (L.f.) Bakh.f., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 90; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 52; ≡ Lourea vespertilionis (L.f.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1 (1813) 122; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 243; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 293; ≡ Hedysarum vespertilionis L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 331. Distribution: LUZON: Laguna, NCR. Notes: Sometimes held as native of Thailand, but probably also of Myanmar, Indochina and even Malesia. Now pantropic. Occasionally cultivated for ornamental purposes. 15-350m. Naturalized.

Clitoria L. (Not native)

1. Clitoria fairchildiana R.A.Howard, Baileya 15 (1967) 16; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Flora Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 54. = Clitoria racemosa Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. (1837) 51. Distribution: S America. LEYTE, LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Cultivated as an ornamental. Naturalized in thickets. Naturalized.
2. Clitoria ternatea L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 753; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 303; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt. Makiling 2 (2006) 54. Distribution: Neotropics. DONDONAY, PALAWAN. Notes: Apparently naturalized in the Philippines at low and medium elevation, occasionally cultivated and escaping, but not far from human settlements. Naturalized.

Codariocalyx Hassk.

1. Codariocalyx gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) Hassk., Flora 25(Beibl.) (1842) 49; Ohashi, Ginkgoana no. 1 (1973) 43; ≡ Desmodium gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 326; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 285; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 250; ≡ Hedysarum gyroides Roxb. ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2 (1822) 247. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. CATANDUANES, DINAGAT, LUZON: Albay, Cagayan, Ifugao, Laguna, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, PALAWAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation lakeshore thickets, forest edges, etc. Native.
2. Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 40 (1965) 367; Ginkgoana no. 1 (1973) 46; ≡ Desmodium motorium (Houtt.) Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 19 (1938) 345; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 254; ≡ Hedysarum motorium Houtt., Nat. Hist. (Houttuyn) 2(10) (1779) 246. = Codariocalyx gyrans (L.f.) Hassk., Flora 25(Beibl.) (1842) 49; ≡ Desmodium gyrans (L.f.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 326; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 285; ≡ Hedysarum gyrans L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 332. Distribution: Australia, India, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Introduced in America. Lowland to medium elevation thickets, ravines, etc., showing distinct preference for areas subject to a moderate to strong dry season. Native.

Crotalaria L.

1. Crotalaria acicularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 476; in Wall., Cat. (1832) No. 5390, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 61; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 271; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 199; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 322; Type: from Myanmar (lecto). Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Middle East, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra (photos), Batangas, Benguet, Mountain Province, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Lanao, MINDORO. Notes: Medium elevation grassy slopes. 0-1400m. Native.
2. Crotalaria albida B.Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. (1821) 333; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 61; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 271; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 200; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 322; Type: from India. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. CULION, LUZON: Abra (photos), Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, PANAY. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Batangas. Low and medium elevation grasslands. (?-)800m (photos) to 1400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Crotalaria assamica Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 481; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 62; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 271; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 201; Type: from India. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Zambales, MINDORO, PALAWAN (photos). Notes: 0-300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. philippinensis Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 310; Type: BS 7255 Ramos (L, holo), Luzon: Abra, Jan/Feb-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Zambales, PALAWAN (photos). Notes: Low elevation thickets, ravines, etc. Also reported on rocky, ultramafic soils. Most likely on limestone in Bohol. Fl. Aug-Sep; fr. Jan-Feb. 0-300m. Native.
4. Crotalaria calycina Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. (1819) t.12; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 105; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 60; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 271; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 202; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 322; Type: Schrank, Plantae Rariores Horti Academic Monacensis 1817 plate 12. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. CULION, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Isabela, NCR, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO. Notes: Low and medium elevation grasslands. Native.
5. Crotalaria chinensis L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1158; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 272; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 202; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 321; Type: from India. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO: Misamis, NEGROS. Notes: Low elevation grasslands. Very local. Native.
6. Crotalaria humifusa Graham ex Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 476; in Wall., Cat. (1832) 5421, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 61; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 205; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 321; Type: Nepal (lecto). Distribution: Australia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Rizal, Zambales. Native.
7. Crotalaria incana L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 716; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 104; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 60; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 241; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 178; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 272; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 205; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 320; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 78; Type: from Jamaica (lecto). = Crotalaria radiata Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 63. Distribution: Caribbean. BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Cagayan, Nueva Ecija (photos), Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Sorsogon. In waste places and cultivated areas in and about towns. Locally abundant. Crotalaria radiata Merr. is a form with abnormal flowers due to fungal or insect attack. 110m (photos). Naturalized.
8. Crotalaria juncea L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 714; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 58; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 64; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 251; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 272; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 206; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 321; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 74; Type: from India (lecto). Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: An introduced plant in the Philippines where it is occasionally cultivated for Sunn hemp. Apparently naturalized. Naturalized.
9. Crotalaria lejoloba Bartl., Index Seminum Hort. Acad. Gotting. 1837 (1837) 2; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 315; Type: from Java (neo). = Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 476; in Wall., Cat. (1832) No. 5398, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 105; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 61; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 272; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 203; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 581. = Crotalaria ferruginea var. major Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 477; Type: Cuming 1628 (K, holo), Philippines. Distribution: America, Borneo, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Misamis. Notes: Low and medium elevation grasslands. (?-)2000m. Native.
10. Crotalaria linifolia L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 322; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 105; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 60; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 241; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 178; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 272; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 207; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 315; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 74. = Quirosia secunda Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 398; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1879) 365. ≠ Crotalaria montana auct. non Roxb. ex Roth; Moody, Weeds reported in rice in South and Southeast Asia (1989) 278. ≠ Crotalaria pumila auct. non Schrank; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 570; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 397; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1879) 366. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Quezon. Lowland and medium elevation grasslands. (?-)1400m. Native.
11. Crotalaria luzoniensis Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 312; Type: BS 29236 Fenix (L, holo; BO, K, SING, iso), Luzon: La Union, Bauang, 31-Dec-1916. ≠ Crotalaria bracteata auct. non Roxb. ex DC.; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 63; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 252; EPFP 2 (1923) 271. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Rizal. Notes: Forested ridges, open banks, etc. Fl. Oct; fr. Mar, Nov-Dec. 0-400m. Native.
12. Crotalaria medicaginea Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 201; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 208; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 320; Type: from India. ≠ Crotalaria trifoliastrum auct. non Willd.; Benth., Fl. Austral. 2 (1864) 183; Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 17; EPFP 2 (1923) 273. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, China, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Notes: Low elevation, open places. Native.
13. Crotalaria pallida Aiton, Hort. Kew., 1st Ed. 3 (1789) 20; Type: from Ethiopia. = Crotalaria mucronata Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3 (1814) 76; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 209. = Crotalaria striata DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 131; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 16; Moody, Weeds reported in rice in South and Southeast Asia (1989) 278; Type: from Jamaica. ≠ Crotalaria saltiana auct. non Andrews; Prain ex King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 66, ii (1897) 41; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 62; EPFP 2 (1923) 273; Moody, Weeds reported in rice in South and Southeast Asia (1989) 278. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON: Cagayan (photos), MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO (photos), PALAWAN, TABLAS. Notes: Widespread. Waste places in and about towns. Common. 330m (photos). Naturalized.
14. Crotalaria prostrata Rottler ex Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) (1809) 747; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 211; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 322; Type: from India. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: NCR, MINDORO. Native.
15. Crotalaria quinquefolia L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 716; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 569; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 397; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 365; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 58; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 104; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 64; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 252; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 177; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 273; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 212; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 320; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 78; Type: from India. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: Native country not precisely known. Now almost pantropic in distribution and throughout Malesia indifferent to presence or absence of dry season. N Luzon to Mindanao. Open wetlands, rice paddies and other waterlogged sites at low and medium elevation. Naturalized.
16. Crotalaria retusa L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 715; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 16; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 62; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 273; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 212; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 321; Type: from Sri Lanka (lecto). Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Pacific Ocean, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BATAN, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, La Union, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SABTANG, SAMAR. Notes: Probably a native of SE Asia, now pantropical in distribution, cultivated and introduced throughout Malesia. N Luzon to Mindanao. Lowlands and medium elevation, in open, usually damp places in settled areas. Native.
17. Crotalaria sessiliflora L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1004; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 105; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 81; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 105; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 273; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 214; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 322; Type: from China. Distribution: Australia, Cambodia, China, Himalayas, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, PALAWAN. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Sorsogon. Occasional in pyrogenous grasslands and parang vegetation at low and medium elevation. In areas subject to at least a feeble dry monsoon. (?-)1300m. Native.
18. Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer, Hortus Maurit. (1837) 88; Polhill, Fl. Mascar. 80 (1990) 200; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 320; Type: from Mauritius (neo). = Crotalaria usaramoensis Baker f., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42 (1914) 346; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 216; Type: from Tanzania. = Crotalaria zanzibarica Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 584; Verdc., Manual New Guinea Legumes (1979) 548; Polhill, Crotalaria in Africa & Madagascar (1982) 191; Type: from Tanzania. Distribution: ?Africa. MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos). Notes: Widely distributed throughout Malesia owing to usefulness as green manure. P.B. Pelser (15-Feb-25): Naturalized along road sides in Bukidnon (photos). 1050m (photos). Naturalized.
19. Crotalaria verrucosa L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 718; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 57; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 104; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 80; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 62; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 251; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 177; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 274; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 217; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 321; Type: from Sri Lanka. = Phaseolus bulai Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 572. = Quirosia anceps Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 398; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 367. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. CEBU, LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MASBATE, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Native country not known. Now of pantropic distribution. Low elevation in open sites. Naturalized.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Crotalaria micans Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2 (1822) 228; Type: from Colombia. = Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (H.B.K.), quarto Ed. 6 (1824) 404; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 200. Distribution: America. Notes: Introduced as a green manure from tropical America. Commonly found throughout Malesia including the Philippines. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Crotalaria orixensis Willd., Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4 (1803) 217; Merrill, PJS 10c (1915) 18; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 273; de Munk, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 211; Adema, Blumea 51 (2006) 323. Distribution: Africa, India. Notes: Ascribed by Merrill to the Philippines on the basis of one record from “Luzon, Manila. BS 19145 Guerrero”. Perhaps a casual introduction which did not persist. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Crudia Schreber

1. Crudia blancoi Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 309; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 118; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 39; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 170; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 256; de Wit, Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg III, 18 (1950) 419; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 579; Type: extant? Illustrative specimen: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 882 (L), Luzon. = Apalatoa blancoi (Rolfe) Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 19. = Crudia spicata (Aubl.) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 261; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 121, as ‘Crudya’; ≡ Apalatoa spicata Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane (1775) 383. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur (photos), Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and forests, chiefly along streams. 29m (photos). Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Crudia cauliflora Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 35 (1954) 136; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 581; Type: BS 34092 (A, holo). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SIARGAO. Notes: Known only from the type. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Crudia subsimplicifolia Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 39; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 256; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 592; Type: FB 4287 Klemme (K, iso; L, photo), Luzon: Cagayan, San Vicente, c. 10m, Jun-1906. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan. Notes: Lowland forests. 0-300(-900)m. Native.

Cullen Medik.

1. Cullen badocanum (Blanco) Verdc., Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 360; ≡ Psoralea badocana (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 416; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 277; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 103; ≡ Liparia badocana Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 597; Type: Cuming 1149 (L, NY 2 sheets, isoneo). = Meladenia densiflora Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21 (1848) 576. Distribution: Australia, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Albay, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Mountain Province, Pangasinan, MARINDUQUE. Notes: Low and medium elevation grasslands and waste places. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cynometra L.

1. Cynometra cebuensis F.Seid., Blumea 58 (2013) 18; Type: Seidenschwarz s.n. (L0820723, holo; L0820722, L0820721, iso), Cebu: Tabunan forest. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ?BOHOL (photos), CEBU. Notes: Dry forest on limestone. 400-600m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
2. Cynometra copelandii (Elmer) Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 13; Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2734; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 254; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 17; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 601; ≡ Gleditsia copelandii Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 695; Type: Elmer 12234 (PNH, holo, lost; BO, L, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests. 250m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Cynometra elmeri Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 98; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 29; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 602. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: Only known from fruiting materials; in Sabah, recorded from forests near mangrove swamps. 50-300m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Cynometra inaequifolia A.Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. (1854) 473; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 254; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 26; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 603; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 19; Type: Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped., Luzon: Laguna, Los Banos (holo not located in GH & US); Cuming 1297 (BM, K, para). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. Differs from the vegetatively similar Cynometra ramiflora by its ± smooth pods. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
5. Cynometra iripa Kostel., Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 4 (1835) 1341; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 21; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 603. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Pacific Ocean, Sri Lanka, Thailand. MINDANAO, PANAY, TABLAS. Notes: Mangrove swamps, littoral scrub; on or near beach, but also found in the hills. 0-500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Cynometra mirabilis Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 25; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 605; Type: FB 20528 Miranda (L, holo; BO, UC, US, iso). ≠ Cynometra bijuga var. mimosoides auct. non (Baker) Merr.; Merr. (1923), as to FB 20528 Miranda and FB 20504 Rafael & Ponce. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Surigao, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Near the seashore or along rivers. 0-150(-600)m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Cynometra ramiflora L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 382; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 255; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 23; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 606. = Cynometra bijuga Span. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 78; Span, Linnaea 15 (1841) 201, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 254. = Cynometra whitfordii Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2734; Type: Elmer 13465, Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta), Aug-1912. Distribution: BOHOL (photos), DANJUGAN (photos), LAGEN, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao, Lanao, Maguindanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. ramiflora. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Characteristic constituent of the back mangrove forest. 0-400m. Native.
   • var. bifoliolata (Merr.) Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 25; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 606; ≡ Cynometra bifoliolata Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 272; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 254; Type: FB 24211 Barros (PNH, holo, lost; K, US, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao. Notes: On river banks, at low elevation. Native.
8. Cynometra simplicifolia Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 3 (1902) 186; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 255; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 16; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 607; Type: Cuming 1134 (PNH, holo, lost; BM, C, G, K, L, M, NY, iso). = Cynometra simplicifolia var. oblongata Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 37; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 255; Type: FB 2978 Ahern’s coll. (PNH, holo lost?; K, NY, US, iso). = Cynometra luzoniensis Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 266; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 255; Type: Merrill 2128 (PNH, holo, lost?; US, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, BASILAN, BILIRAN, CORON (photos), LUZON: Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos, Ilocos Sur, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: In thickets and open, dry forests on the slopes of mountains. 0-1300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Cynometra warburgii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 3 (1902) 187; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 255; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 28; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 607; Type: Warburg 12427 (B, holo, lost). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos, Ilocos Norte. Notes: L.L.Co: known from 2 collections only, apart from the type. In forests chiefly near streams, at low and medium elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Cynometra cauliflora L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 382; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 254; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 20; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 601. Notes: Only known in cultivated state, possibly a cultigen, according to Burkill probably derived from E Malesia from where it spread since Europeans arrived in the archipelago. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Possibly present

1. Cynometra dongnaiensis Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 25 (1899) t.389; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 254, as ‘dongnainsis’. Distribution: Cambodia, Laos, ?Philippines, Vietnam. ?CEBU, ?MINDANAO: ?Agusan del Norte, ?Davao. Notes: Merrill (1923) cited three collections from the Philippines, viz. ‘FB 6488 Espinosa, 20563 Miranda, 26244 Ceballos’. Unfortunately, Knaap van Meeuwen failed to see any duplicates of these numbers in the herbaria consulted, nor other Philippine collections which can be referred to this species, so the record remains questionable.

Dalbergia L.f.

1. Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennst.) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 70(2) (1901) 49; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 97; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 294; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 193; ≡ Cassia candenatensis Dennst., Schlüssel Hortus Malab. (1818) 32. = Dalbergia torta Graham ex A.Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. (1854) 458, nom. inval., nom. nud. = Dalbergia monosperma Dalzell, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2 (1850) 36; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 67; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 112; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 82; Type: from India. Distribution: Australia, India to China, Malesia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean. APULIT, CEBU, LUZON: Bataan, La Union, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, MINDORO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: From Luzon to Mindanao. Tidal stream thickets subject to the influence of salt or brackish water. 0-200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Dalbergia canescens (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 294; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 194; ≡ Derris canescens Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 3087; Type: Elmer 17883 (BO, CAL, K, L, MO, NA, NY, U, US, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, Jun/Jul-1917. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forest edge. 0-1000m. Native.
3. Dalbergia cumingiana Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 255; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 67; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 111; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 98; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 98; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 294; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 63; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 194; Type: Cuming 1244 (E, K, L, MO, OXF, iso), Luzon: Albay. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Edge of mangrove. Locally common. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Dalbergia densa Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 217; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 295; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 194; De Castro et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3773; Type: from New Guinea (lecto). = Dalbergia densa var. australis Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10 (1904) 73. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. BOHOL, CEBU, LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: A variety in NE Australia. Lowland thickets. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Dalbergia mimosella (Blanco) Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10 (1904) 42; Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 184; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 295; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 63; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 196; ≡ Amerimnon mimosella Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 563; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 393; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 358; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 40; Type: Ramos & Edaño PNH 28968 (L, neo), Luzon: Tayabas, Umiray. = Dalbergia minahassae Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 430; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 98; Type: from Sulawesi. = Dalbergia davaoensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 700; Type: Elmer 10551 (L, lecto; BISH, K, MO, NY, U, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, May-1909. ≠ Dalbergia lanceolaria auct. non L.f.; Llanos, Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid (1858); Fern.-Vill. & Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 41 (1880) 103; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 67. ≠ Dalbergia cassioides auct. non Wall.; A.Gray, Bot. Wilkes US Explor. Exped. (1854) 457; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 82. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra. CORON, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, PALAWAN (photos). Notes: Lowland and medium elevation secondary forests. 200-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Dalbergia multifoliolata Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 196; ≡ Dalbergia polyphylla Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 256, nom. illeg., non Poir.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 67; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 112; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 96; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 296; Type: Cuming 1164 (K, holo; BM, K, L, OXF, iso), Luzon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra (photos), Bataan, Bulacan, Ilocos Sur, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. 350m (photos). Native.
7. Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10 (1904) 48; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 96; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 296; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 64; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 198; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; ≡ Derris pinnata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 432; Type: from Vietnam. = Dalbergia tamarindifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 233; Hort. Beng. (1814) 53, nom. inval., nom. nud., pro parte; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 67; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 111; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 82; Type: from Silhet. = Dalbergia dubia Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2731; Type: Elmer 13733 (K, holo; BISH, BM, L, MO, NA, NY, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. = Dalbergia pinnata var. badia Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 96; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 296; Type: FB 9649 Curran (US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Pitogo, Mar-1908. = Dalbergia pinatubensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3198; Type: Elmer 22094 (K, holo; L, MO, NY, P, iso), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg, May-1927. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sumatra. BALABAC, BILIRAN, BOHOL (photos), CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Camarines Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIARGAO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines; lowland and medium elevation thickets and forests and coastal thickets. 0-1400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. pinnata. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sumatra. BALABAC, BILIRAN, BOHOL (photos), CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Camarines Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Native.
8. Dalbergia ramosii Sunarno & H.Ohashi, Blumea 61 (2016) 198; Type: Ramos BS 1367 (BO, holo; ?K, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Morong. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: Only known from the type. Pelser (18-Nov-25): Ramos BS 1367 in K is Impatiens. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Dalbergia reticulata Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 14; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 296; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 63; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 199; Type: FB 21406 Villamil (PNH, holo, lost?; US, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, Apr-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. JOLO, LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Primary forests. 400-500m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
10. Dalbergia rimosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 233; Hort. Bengal. (1814) 53, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 200; Type: from India. = Dalbergia discolor Blume ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 130. Distribution: Borneo, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC. Notes: 0-400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
11. Dalbergia rostrata Hassk., Flora 25(Beibl.) (1842) 53; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 200; Type: from Java. = Dalbergia subalternifolia (Elmer) Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 14; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 296; ≡ Derris subalternifolia Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1801; Type: Elmer 12965 (L, holo; BO, CAL, K, MO, NY, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (Thumb Peak), Apr-1911. Distribution: Borneo, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand. MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, PALAWAN, PANGULASIAN. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation primary forests. 0-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
12. Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 233; Hort. Bengal. (1814) 53, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 67; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 40; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 111. = Dalbergia ferruginea Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 228; Hort. Beng. (1814) 98, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 81; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 65; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 410; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 97; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 247; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 295; Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 194; Type: from Malay Isl. = Dalbergia luzoniensis Vogel, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1) (1843) 33; Type: Meyen s.n., Luzon. = Dalbergia ferruginea var. daronensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 699; Type: Elmer 11030 (PNH, holo, lost; BISH, L, MO, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, along the upper limit of the cogon formation at 1250ft or higher, May/Jun?-1909. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, PALAWAN. Notes: N Luzon to Palawan and Mindanao. Lowland and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. 0-600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2 (1799) 7. Distribution: India, Java. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 416. Distribution: Afghanistan, India, Java, Pakistan. Notes: A recent introduction in the Philippines. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Dalea L. (Not native)

1. Dalea cliffortiana Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1802) 1336. = Dalea glandulosa (Blanco) Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 27 (1905) 37; ≡ Parosela glandulosa (Blanco) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 68; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 246; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 180; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 277; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 64; ≡ Amorpha glandulosa Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 555. = Dalea nigra M.Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10 (1843) 43; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 105; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 16. ≠ Dalea alopecuroides auct. non Willd.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 389; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 351; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 58. Distribution: C America. LUZON: Batangas, Ilocos Norte, La Union (photos). Notes: In Luzon from Ilocos Norte to Batangas. Lowlands and medium elevation, on open dry slopes, open grassland, in waste places (Merrill 1923). (?-)1300m. Naturalized.

Delonix Raf. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2 (1836) 92; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 231; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 266; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 721; ≡ Poinciana regia Bojer ex Hook., Bot. Mag. 56 (1829) t.2873. Distribution: Madagascar. Notes: Cultivated throughout the tropics for the magnificent flowers. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Dendrolobium (Wight & Arn.) Benth.

1. Dendrolobium cumingianum Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 216; Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 73 (1998) 250; ≡ Desmodium cumingianum (Benth.) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 61; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 107; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 80; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 284; Type: Cuming 1454 (K, holo; K, BM, UPS, iso), Luzon: Batangas. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Batangas. Native.
2. Dendrolobium geesinkii H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 73 (1998) 251; Type: Ridsdale 1554 (L, holo; A, BO, K, L, MO, PNH, TUS, iso), Luzon: Zambales, Sta. Cruz, Acoje Mine Concession Area, regrowth on abandoned mine road rubble, low elevation, 25-May-1986. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Zambales, SAMAR. Native.
3. Dendrolobium quinquepetalum (Blanco) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20 (1924) 278; Ohashi, Ginkgoana no. 1 (1973) 68; ≡ Desmodium quinquepetalum (Blanco) Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 20; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 239; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 288; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 256; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 68; Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 73 (1998) 254; ≡ Cytisus quinquepetalus Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 598. Distribution: Australia, New Guinea, Philippines. AMBIL, DANJUGAN, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Common in low and medium elevation thickets. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Dendrolobium umbellatum (L.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 216; Ohashi, Ginkgoana no. 1 (1973) 82; Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 73 (1998) 255; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; ≡ Desmodium umbellatum (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 325; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 290; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 263; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 603; ≡ Hedysarum umbellatum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 747; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: Africa, Australia, India, Indian Ocean, Indochina, Myanmar, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand. ALABAT, APULIT, BALABAC, BANCALAN, BASILAN, BATAN, BOHOL, BORACAY (photos), BUSUANGA, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CEBU, CULION, HOMONHON, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), ILIN, JOLO, LANGAAN, LEYTE, LUBANG, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, La Union, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Maguindanao del Norte, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, PONEAS, SABTANG, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIBUTU, SIBUYAN, TABLAS, TICAO. Notes: 0-5m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Derris Lour.

1. Derris elegans Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 252; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 299; Type: from Myanmar. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Bulacan, Camarines, MINDANAO: Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: 0-600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. korthalsiana (Blume ex Miq.) Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 400; ≡ Derris korthalsiana Blume ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 143. Distribution: MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN. Notes: 0-500m. Native.
2. Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.) (1860) 111; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 299, pro parte, excl. syn. Cylista piscatoria Blanco & Millettia piscatoria Merr; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 67; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; ≡ Paraderris elliptica (Wall.) Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 137; ≡ Pongamia elliptica Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3 (1832) 20; Type: from Ambon. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. HOMONHON, LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. Low and medium elevation, along streamside thickets, secondary forests, etc. Often abundant. (Merrill 1923). Native.
3. Derris lianoides Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 228; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 106; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 300; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 66; ≡ Paraderris lianoides (Elmer) Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 138; Type: Elmer 7443 (holo PNH, lost?, CAL, K, MO, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, in forests, c. 1000m, May-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, LUZON: Aurora, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao and Palawan. Lowland and medium elevation thickets and forests. 100-200m (photos). Native.
4. Derris luzoniensis (Adema) Sirich. & Adema, Taxon 63 (2014) 534; ≡ Paraderris luzoniensis Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 134; Type: ISU 564 Ridsdale et al. (L, holo; K, iso), Luzon: Isabela, Palanan, Dimapnat, secondary forest on riverine gravel banks surrounded by ultramafics, 50m, 15-Apr-1992. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela. Notes: L.L.Co: Known only from the type collection. 50m. Native.
5. Derris oblongifolia Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 82; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 300; ≡ Paraderris oblongifolia (Merr.) Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 139; Type: Vanoverbergh 280 (PNH, holo, lost), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bontoc. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, BILIRAN, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, PANAY. Notes: Montane thickets and forests. 1300-1600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Derris piscatoria (Blanco) Sirich. & Adema, Taxon 63 (2014) 535; ≡ Paraderris piscatoria (Blanco) Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 133; ≡ Cylista piscatoria Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 589; Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 469 (L, neo; A, K, US, isoneo), Luzon: Batangas, Mt Batulo. ≠ Derris elliptica auct. non (Wall.) Benth.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 299, pro parte, excl. syn. Galedupa elliptica Roxb. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
7. Derris polyantha Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 83; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 103; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 301; Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 402; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 69; Type: Merrill 1457. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, LUZON: Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal. Notes: Lowland thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Derris pubipetala Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 35; Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 401. = Derris mindorensis Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 82; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 106; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 300; Type: Merrill 953 (B or PNH, holo, lost; K, iso), Mindoro: Palauan. = Derris micans Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 82; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 106; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 300; Type: Merrill 2284 (B or PNH, holo, lost; K, US, iso), Luzon: Tanay. = Derris ferruginoides Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 324; Type: Clemens 7406a (UC, holo), Luzon: Isabela, Santiago, in thickets and secondary forests, Apr-1926. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. ALABAT, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Benguet, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Native.
9. Derris spanogheana Blume ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 142; Adema, Blumea 48 (2003) 403. = Derris cebuensis Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 273; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 299; Type: BS 11014 Ramos (US, iso), Cebu: Cebu, Bucacao, on dry hills, 19-Mar-1912. = Derris surigaoensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2733; Type: Elmer 13463 (NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi. ALABAT, BALABAC, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: 0-650m. Native.
10. Derris trifoliata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 433; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 105; Merrill, PJS 15 (1919) 241; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 248; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 185; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 301; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 66; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; Cañeda et al., Davao Research J. 16 (2025) 91. = Pterocarpus frutescens Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 562, nom. illeg., non Vell.; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 392; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 356; Type: Merrill Species Blancoanea 541 (L, neo; US, isoneo), Luzon: Bulacan, Obando. = Derris uliginosa (Willd.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 252; J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 107; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 68; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 112; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 410; ≡ Robinia uliginosa Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1802) 1133. = Derris multiflora Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 253. ≠ Derris diadelpha auct. non (Blanco) Merr.; Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1877-83) t. 161. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, BASILAN, BORACAY (photos), CATANDUANES, CORON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan (photos), Bulacan, Camarines, La Union, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Strictly a littoral species. Throughout the Philippines on muddy seashores, tidal streams, etc. Abundant. 0-400m. Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Derris zambalensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3199, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Type: Elmer 22053 (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Pampanga. Notes: Unaccounted for in Adema (2003). Native.

Desmanthus Willd. (Not native)

1. Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 1047; ≡ Mimosa virgata L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 519. Distribution: America, Caribbean. CEBU. Notes: Possibly first documented from the Philippines by Hendrick Marc L. Comendador (19-Nov-25) from Cebu. 40m (photos). Naturalized.

Desmodium Desv. (Not native)

1. Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4 (1893) 76; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 239; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 288; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 255; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 42; ≡ Hedysarum procumbens Mill., Gard. Dict., 8th Ed. (1768) n.10. Distribution: Neotropics. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Now pantropical. Thickets, open wastelands and settled areas. Naturalized.
2. Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Poir., Dict. Sci. Nat., 2nd Ed. 13 (1819) 110; Prodr. 2 (1825) 337; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 239; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 289; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 98; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 42; ≡ Hedysarum scorpiurus Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) (1788) 107; Type: from Jamaica. Distribution: Neotropics. BALABAC, BATAN, LUZON: Cagayan (photos), MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Now pantropical. Low and medium elevation dry thickets and grasslands. Naturalized.

Dolichos L.

1. Dolichos trilobus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 726; Verdc., Taxon 17 (1968) 170; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 117. Distribution: CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Rizal, MINDORO, PANAY. Native.
   • ssp. trilobus. = Dolichos falcatus J.G.Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1800) 1047; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 66; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 82; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 135; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 264; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 193; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 321. Distribution: Africa, India, Java, Laos, Middle East, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam. CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Ilocos Norte. Notes: In Luzon from Ilocos Norte to Batangas. Lowland thickets. Native.

Dumasia DC.

1. Dumasia villosa DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 4 (1825) 257; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 304. Distribution: Africa, India to China, Java, Madagascar, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Rizal, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Cotabato, MINDORO (photos), PANAY (photos). Notes: Montane thickets and ravines. 930m (photos) to 1200-1600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Dunbaria Wight & Arn.

1. Dunbaria cumingiana Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 242; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 66; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 110; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 127; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 314; Van der Maesen, Revision Dunbaria (1998) 30; Type: Cuming 819 (K, holo; BM, K, MEL, P, W), Luzon: Tayabas. = Dunbaria merrillii Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 225; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 127; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 315; Type: Elmer 8502 (K, lecto; BO, E, G, L, LY, NY, US, W, isolecto), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan. CALAYAN, GUIMARAS, ITBAYAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDORO, POLILLO, SIARGAO. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets. 0-600(-?)m. Native.
2. Dunbaria punctata (Wight & Arn.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 242; Merrill, PJS 7c (1912) 235; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 254; Van der Maesen, Revision Dunbaria (1998) 76; ≡ Dolichos punctatus Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1 (1834) 247. = Dunbaria rotundifolia (Lour.) Merr., PJS 15 (1919) 242; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 315; ≡ Indigofera rotundifolia Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 458. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, La Union, NCR, Rizal. Notes: Low elevation grasslands, margins of thickets, etc. P.B. Pelser (18-Aug-19): See Van der Maesen (1998) for comments about nomenclature. 0-300(-1200)m. Native.
3. Dunbaria villosa (Thunb.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16 (1902) 35; Van der Maesen, Revision Dunbaria (1998) 93; ≡ Glycine villosa Thunb., Syst. Veg., 14th Ed. (1784) 659. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: 0-700(-3000)m. Native.

Dysolobium Prain

1. Dysolobium pilosum (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) Maréchal, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47 (1977) 483; ≡ Vigna pilosa (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) Baker, Fl. Brit. India 2 (1876) 207; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 320; Van Welzen & Den Hengst, Blumea 30 (1985) 381; ≡ Dolichos pilosus J.G.Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1802) 1043. Distribution: India to Taiwan. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Batangas, Ifugao, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Rizal. Notes: Dry thickets at low elevation. 550-1000m. Native.

Endosamara R.Geesink (Not native)

Possibly present

1. Endosamara racemosa (Roxb.) R.Geesink, Leiden Bot. Ser. 8 (1984) 93; ≡ Millettia racemosa (Roxb.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 249; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 279; ≡ Robinia racemosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 329. Distribution: Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, ?Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. ?LUZON: ?Rizal. Notes: Record from Rizal based on BS 1064 Ramos (Merrill 1923). "The identity of the Luzon specimen to this species is not certain as it is with buds only" (Merrill 1923).

Entada Adans.

1. Entada parvifolia Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 229; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 33; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 252, pro parte; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 179. = Entada philippinensis Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2 (1911) 58. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BUSUANGA, CUYO, CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, GOLO, GUIMARAS (photos), LUZON: Abra, Bataan, La Union, Zambales, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland thickets. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Dec. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
2. Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 86; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 252; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 179; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3973; ≡ Lens phaseoloides L., Herb. Amboin. (Linn.) (1754) 18. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. APULIT, CATANDUANES (photos), LAGEN, ?LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Albay, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 0-900(-1700)m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
3. Entada rheedei Spreng., Syst. Veg., 16th Ed. 2 (1825) 325; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 180. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Borneo, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi. BUSUANGA (photos), LUZON: Isabela (photos), MINDANAO, PANAY (photos). Notes: Closely related to Entada phaseoloides and mixed up with that species by Merrill. Distinct by 3 or 4 (or 5) pairs of leaflets per pinna, a woody tough endocarp and slightly less asymmetric terminal leaflets. Primary and secondary forest, especially along rivers, behind mangroves and beach forests. 0-400m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Enterolobium Mart. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. (1860) 226; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 213; Rojo, Rev. Lexicon Philip. Trees (1999) 255; ≡ Mimosa cyclocarpa Jacq., Fragm. Bot. (1800) 30. Notes: C and N tropical South America. Widely cultivated in all tropics. Earpod. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Eriosema (DC.) Rchb.

1. Eriosema chinense Vogel, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1) (1843) 31; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 66; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 111; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 129; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 316. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. CULION, LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, SEMIRARA. Notes: Open grasslands chiefly at medium elevation. (0-)450-2000m. Native.

Erythrina L.

1. Erythrina fusca Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 427; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 113; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 256; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 187; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 305; Krukoff & Barneby, Lloydia 37 (1974) 340; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 89. = Erythrina ovalifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 254; Hort. Beng. (1814) 53, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Fern.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 63; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 85; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 81. = Erythrina caffra Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 394, nom. illeg., non Thunb.; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 360. ≠ Erythrina picta auct. non L.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 565. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, NCR, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Lanao, Lanao del Sur. Notes: Along streams and lakes, often in swampy places. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Erythrina stricta Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 251; Hort. Beng. (1814) 53, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Krukoff & Barneby, Lloydia 37 (1974) 352; Adema, Blumea 41 (1996) 465; Type: from India. = Erythrina stricta var. suberosa (Roxb.) Niyomdham, Nordic J. Bot. 12 (1992) 342; ≡ Erythrina suberosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 253; Hort. Beng. (1814) 53, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1973) 292; Krukoff & Barneby, Lloydia 37 (1974) 351; Type: Icon. Roxb. 104 (K), India. = Erythrina stipitata Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 112; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 305; Type: Merrill 958 (NY, US, iso), Lubang, Apr-1903. = Erythrina microcarpa Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 2 (1895) 61. Distribution: Bhutan, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUBANG. Notes: Low elevation, dry open sites. Native.
3. Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 113; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 305; Krukoff & Barneby, Lloydia 37 (1974) 355; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 88; ≡ Hypaphorus subumbrans Hassk., Retzia 1 (1855) 198. Distribution: Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Aurora (photos), Batangas, Benguet, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, SAMAR. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. Low and medium elevation thickets, secondary forests, etc. occasionally planted. 800m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Erythrina variegata L., Herb. Amboin. (Linn.) (1754) 10; Krukoff & Barneby, Lloydia 37 (1974) 431; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 89; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193. = Erythrina variegata var. orientalis (L.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 276; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 306; ≡ Erythrina orientalis (L.) Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 8 (1787) 35; ≡ Erythrina corallodendron var. orientalis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 706. = Erythrina indica Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 391. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BATAN, BORACAY (photos), DANJUGAN (photos), LUBANG, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, La Union, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Throughout the Philippines along the seashore, frequently planted inland. The typical form with mottled leaves occurs occasionally in the Philippines in cultivation. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Erythrina berteroana Urb., Symb. Antill. 5 (1908) 370. Distribution: C & S America, Caribbean. Notes: Rosemarie D. Gumtang (5-Oct-25): widely cultivated as a hedge plant in Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, and Nueva Vizcaya. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Erythrina crista-galli L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 99; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 628; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 88. Distribution: S America. Notes: A recent introduction as avenue trees in Baguio City and La Trinidad in Benguet. Occasionally seen elsewhere. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Euchresta Benn.

1. Euchresta formosana (Hayata) Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 12 (1936) 659; ≡ Euchresta horsfieldii var. formosana Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3 (1913) 81. Distribution: Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (photos), South Cotabato (photos). Native.
2. Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) (1840) 148; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 68; Ceron Cat. Pl. Herb. Manila (1892) 67; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 107; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 302; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 59; ≡ Andira horsfieldii Lesch., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16 (1810) 481. Distribution: China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, PANAY. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. Of local occurrence on the higher mountains. Native.

Falcataria (I.C.Nielsen) Barneby & J.W.Grimes (Not native)

1. Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R.Rankin, Espermat. Cuba Invent. Prelim. (2016) 12; Espermat. Cuba Invent. Prelim. 2 (2016) 160; ≡ Adenanthera falcata L., Herb. Amboin. (Linn.) (1754) 14. = Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74 (1996) 255; ≡ Albizia moluccana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 26. = Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C.Nielsen, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 5 (1983) 327; Adansonia no. 3 & (1983) 327; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 151; ≡ Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg, Reinwardtia 7 (1965) 88; Cockburn, Trees Sabah 1 (1976) 187; ≡ Adenanthera falcataria L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1762) 550. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea. CEBU (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos). Notes: Introduced and naturalized in the Philippines. Naturalized.

Flemingia Roxb. ex W.T.Aiton

1. Flemingia lineata (L.) Roxb. ex W.T.Aiton, Hort. Bengal. (1814) 56; Van Do & Gao, Phytotaxa 429 (2020) 22; ≡ Moghania lineata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 199; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 434; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 317; ≡ Hedysarum lineatum L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1170; Type: from India. = Flemingia blancoana Llanos, Fragm. Pl. Filip. (1851) 80; Fern.-Vill. & Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 41 (1880) 62. Distribution: Australia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bulacan, Pampanga, Rizal, PANAY. Notes: Low elevation open grasslands. 200-800m. Native.
2. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Kuntze ex Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 130; Prain, J. As. Soc. Beng. 66, 2 (1897) 440, pro syn; Van Do & Gao, Phytotaxa 429 (2020) 34; ≡ Moghania macrophylla (Willd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 199; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 434; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 81; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 130; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 317; ≡ Crotalaria macrophylla Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1800) 982; Type: from India. = Flemingia cumingiana Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 245; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 67; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 130; Merrill & Merritt, PJS 5c (1910) 354; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 253; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 316. = Flemingia philippinensis Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 103; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 130; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 317; Type: Merrill 4460 (L, NY, iso), Luzon: Lepanto District (vicinity of present-day Ilocos Sur and Mountain Province provincial borders), Cervantes to Mankayan, Nov-1905. Distribution: Africa, ?Australia, China, Himalayas to Cambodia, Laos, Malesia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. CULION, LUZON: Abra, Albay (photos), Apayao (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Widespread throughout the Philippines. Lowland and medium elevation thickets. 200-1500m. Native.
3. Flemingia strobilifera (L.) W.T.Aiton, Hort. Kew., 2nd Ed. 4 (1812) 350; Van Do & Gao, Phytotaxa 429 (2020) 19; ≡ Moghania strobilifera (L.) J.St.-Hil. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 199; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 433; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 81; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 317; ≡ Hedysarum strobiliferum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 764; Type: from India. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BASILAN, BOHOL, CEBU, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan (photos), Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato (photos), Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, SEMIRARA, TURTLE IS. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. In settled areas, open dry waste places. Often very abundant. 80m (photos) to 200-1500m. Native.
4. Flemingia trifoliata (Jungh.) C.Y.Wu, J. W. China Border Res. Soc. 16 (1946) 175; Van Do & Gao, Phytotaxa 429 (2020) 21; ≡ Lepidocoma trifoliatum Jungh., Reis. Java (1845) 338; Type: from Java. = Flemingia involucrata Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 246; ≡ Moghania involucrata (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 199; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 436; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 316; Type: from Myanmar. Distribution: Australia, Cambodia, China, Himalayas, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. CULION. Notes: Open places at low elevation. 0-1000m. Native.

Possibly present

1. Flemingia ferruginea Wall. ex Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 245; Van Do & Gao, Phytotaxa 429 (2020) 33; Type: from Myanmar. Distribution: China, Myanmar, ?Philippines. Notes: P.B. Pelser (10-Sep-19): reported for the Philippines by Nguyen (1979), but no specimens cited and not mentioned for the Philippines by Van Do & Gao (2020).
2. Flemingia procumbens Roxb., Hort. Bengal. (1814) 56; Van Do & Gao, Phytotaxa 429 (2020) 36. Distribution: ?China, India, ?Laos, Nepal, ?Philippines, ?Vietnam. Notes: P.B. Pelser (10-Sep-19): reported for the Philippines by Nguyen (1979), but no specimens cited.
3. Flemingia stricta Roxb., Hort. Kew., 2nd Ed. 4 (1812) 349; Van Do & Gao, Phytotaxa 429 (2020) 25; Type: India. Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, ?Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: P.B. Pelser (10-Sep-19): reported for the Philippines by Nguyen (1979), but no specimens cited.

Galactia P.Browne

1. Galactia tashiroi Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, 3rd Sér. 31 (1886) 34; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 33. Distribution: Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. BATAN. Notes: E side of Mt Iraya, on littoral cliff, Hatusima 28719. Native.
2. Galactia tenuiflora (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. (1834) 206; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 119; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 259; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 188; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 310; Steenis et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 431; Galactia striata var. tenuiflora (Klein ex Willd.) Burkart, Darwiniana 16 (1971) 721; ≡ Glycine tenuiflora J.G.Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1800) 1059. ≠ Dolichos repens auct. non L.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 577; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 402; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 378. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Rizal. Notes: Grasslands and thickets often subjected to fires, more or less bound to seasonal climatic conditions. 0-2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Gigasiphon Drake

1. Gigasiphon dolichocalyx (Merr.) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 420; ≡ Bauhinia dolichocalyx Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 231; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 259; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 448; Type: FB 7756 Curran & Merritt (PNH, holo, lost; US, candidate for lecto), Luzon: Batangas, 28-Oct-1907. = Bauhinia grandiflora Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 332, nom. illeg., non Juss.; Fl. Filip. ed. 2, 1 (1845) 231; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 67; Type: non extant; possible candidate for neotype: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 531, leg. M Ramos (US, NY), Luzon: Batangas, Mt San Pedro, slopes, dry forest, 55m, 20-Aug-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Batangas. Notes: Dry slopes at low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Gleditsia L.

1. Gleditsia rolfei S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 115, as 'Gleditschia'; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 63; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 51; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 265; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 621; Type: Vidal 1826 (K lost?, MA, syn), Luzon: Nueva Ecija. Distribution: Laos, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan (photos), Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, SAMAL, SAMAR. Notes: Medium elevation forests. Two sheets of R.S. Williams 564 in NY (barcode 00004392 & 00004393) labeled as neotype and iso(neo)type, respectively. Is the K type lost? 0-250(-900)m. Native.

Gliricidia Kunth (Not native)

1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth, Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 1 (1842) 679; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 17; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 64; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 73; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 245; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 180; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 280; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 54; ≡ Robinia sepium Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. (1760) 28. = Galedupa pungam Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 558; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 390; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 352. = Millettia luzonensis A.Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. (1854) 456; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 82. ≠ Gliricidia maculata auct. non (Kunth) Steud.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 59; Merr., Philip. Bur. Forestry Bull. 1 (1903) 22; Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 30. ≠ Millettia splendidissima auct. non Blume ex Miq.; Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1877-83) t. 250; S.Vidal, Cat. Pl. Prov. Manila (1880) 25. Distribution: America. LUZON: Cagayan (photos), Camarines Sur (photos), MINDANAO: Lanao del Norte (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: Introduced from Mexico, thoroughly naturalized in the settled areas at low and medium elevation throughout the Philippines. Naturalized.

Glycine Willd.

1. Glycine tomentella Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9 (1920) 29. = Glycine tomentosa Benth., Fl. Austral. 2 (1864) 245, nom. illeg., non L.; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 109; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 110; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 304. Distribution: Australia, China, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Ilocos Norte. Notes: Apparently not again recollected in the Philippines since 1840. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Glycine max (L.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 274; ≡ Phaseolus max L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 725. Notes: Cultigen of Chinese origin. Soybean. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Grona Lour.

1. Grona adscendens (Sw.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 108; ≡ Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 332; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 245; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 199; ≡ Hedysarum adscendens Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 1 (1788) 106. = Hedysarum adscendens var. trifoliastrum (Miq.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21 (1925) 8; ≡ Desmodium trifoliastrum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 248; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 290. Distribution: Africa, America, Madagascar. MINDANAO: Surigao, Zamboanga, PANAY. Notes: Lowland thickets along streams. Naturalized.
   • var. adscendens. Distribution: MINDANAO: Surigao, Zamboanga, PANAY. Notes: Lowland thickets along streams. Naturalized.
2. Grona heterocarpos (L.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 112; ≡ Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 337; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 285, as ‘heterocarpum’; Meeuwen et al. Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 95; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 251; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 210; ≡ Hedysarum heterocarpon L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 747; Type: from Sri Lanka. = Desmodium buergeri Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3 (1867) 45; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 85; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 284. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BUSUANGA, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Apayao (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, ?Laguna (photos), NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: 150-1100m. Native.
   • ssp. heterocarpos. Native.
     • var. heterocarpos. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Low and medium elevation thickets and grasslands. Native.
     • var. strigosa (Meeuwen) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 112; ≡ Desmodium heterocarpon var. strigosum Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 95; Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 251; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 215; Type: from New Guinea. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BUSUANGA, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Bulacan, NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Native.
   • ssp. ovalifolia (Prain) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 114; ≡ Desmodium ovalifolium (Prain) Wall. ex Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1 (1922) 610; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 85; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 287; ≡ Desmodium polycarpum var. ovalifolium Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66 (1897) 141; ≡ Desmodium ovalifolium Wall., Numer. List (1831-1832) n.5730, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 287. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan. Notes: P.B. Pelser (16-Jan-20): Not listed for the Philippines by Ohashi & Ohashi (2018). Primary forests. 150-1100m. Native.
3. Grona heterophylla (Willd.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 114; ≡ Desmodium heterophyllum (Willd.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 334; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 240; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 286; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 251; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 239; ≡ Hedysarum heterophyllum Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1803) 1201; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BOAAN, LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Native.
4. Grona nemorosa (F.Muell. ex Benth.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 115; ≡ Desmodium nemorosum F.Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral. 2 (1864) 234; Type: from Australia. Distribution: Australia, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, MINDORO. Native.
   • ssp. whitfordii (Schindl.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 115; ≡ Desmodium whitfordii (Schindl.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 5 (1999) 247; ≡ Desmodium nemorosum var. whitfordii (Schindl.) H.Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1 (1973) 220; ≡ Desmodium nemorosum subvar. whitfordii Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21 (1925) 10; Type: H.N. Whitford 227 (CAL, K, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan. Native.
5. Grona styracifolia (Osbeck) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 116; ≡ Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr., Amer. J. Bot. 3 (1916) 580; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 259; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 224; ≡ Hedysarum styracifolium Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa (1757) 247; Type: from China. = Desmodium capitatum (Burm.f.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 336; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 240; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 284; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 39; ≡ Hedysarum capitatum Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) (1768) 167. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Bulacan, Camarines, Laguna, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Common roadside and grassland weed at low and medium elevation. Native.
6. Grona triflora (L.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 117; ≡ Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 334; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 240; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 289; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 261; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 245; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 45; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; ≡ Hedysarum triflorum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 749; Type: from India. ≠ Desmodium parvifolium auct. non DC.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 408. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, HOMONHON, LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (photos), South Cotabato (photos), MINDORO (photos). Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Lowlands, in open grassy places, dry thickets, cultivated lands, lawns, etc. Very common. 760m (photos). Native.

Guilandina L.

1. Guilandina bonduc L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 381; Cañeda et al., Davao Research J. 16 (2025) 91; ≡ Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 362; Dandy & Exell, J. Bot. 76 (1938) 179; Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 17; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 541. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BORACAY (photos), BUSUANGA (photos), CATANDUANES, HERMANA MAYOR, JOLO, LUZON: Bataan, La Union, NCR, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Occidental, Lanao del Norte, Misamis, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Often in thickets along or near the seashore. 0-850m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Haematoxylum L. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Haematoxylum campechianum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 384; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 543; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 723. Distribution: Neotropics. Notes: Now widely cultivated in the tropics. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Hanslia Schindl.

1. Hanslia ormocarpoides (DC.) H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 79 (2004) 156; ≡ Desmodium ormocarpoides DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 337; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 287; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 98; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 255; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 113. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. CEBU, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: In teak plantation at low elevation. Native.

Hedysarum L.

Possibly present

1. Hedysarum malacophyllum Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2 (1822) 247; ≡ Meibomia malacophylla (Link) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 198; ≡ Desmodium malacophyllum (Link) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 338, as 'malachophyllum'; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 84; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 287. Distribution: ?LUZON: ?Cavite. Notes: Based on a Chamisso specimen (in B, cited by Merrill 1923) supposedly from Cavite. “An imperperfectly known endemic species known only from the original collection, perhaps not originating in the Philippines” (Merrill, 1923).

Hylodesmum H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill

1. Hylodesmum laxum (DC.) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57 (2000) 178; ≡ Desmodium laxum DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 4 (1825) 102. Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, ?Lanao del Sur (photos), Misamis Occidental. Native.
   • ssp. laxum. Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. ?MINDANAO: ?Lanao del Sur (photos). Native.
2. Hylodesmum leptopus (A.Gray ex Benth.) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57 (2000) 178; ≡ Desmodium leptopus A.Gray ex Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 226. = Desmodium laxum ssp. leptopus (A.Gray ex Benth.) H.Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1 (1973) 141; Type: Wilkes’ Expl. Exped. s.n. (K, lecto; US, isolecto), Luzon: Laguna, Los Banos. ≠ Desmodium laxum auct. non DC.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 287. Distribution: China, Indochina, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, NEGROS. Native.
3. Hylodesmum podocarpum (DC.) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57 (2000) 181; ≡ Desmodium podocarpum DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 4 (1825) 102; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 83; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 287; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 154. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, MINDORO. Notes: 1100-1400m. Native.
   • ssp. podocarpum. Distribution: China, Himalayas, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Tibet. LUZON. Native.
   • ssp. oxyphyllum (DC.) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57 (2000) 182; ≡ Desmodium oxyphyllum DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 4 (1825) 102; Type: Wallich s.n. (G-DC, E (microfiche), syn). = Desmodium racemosum (Thunb.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 337; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 257; ≡ Hedysarum racemosum Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) (1784) 285. Distribution: China, Himalayas, India, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Montane thickets and ravines. 1100-1400m. Native.
4. Hylodesmum repandum (Vahl) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57 (2000) 185; ≡ Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 334; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 258; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 160; ≡ Hedysarum repandum Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2 (1791) 82. = Desmodium scalpe DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 334; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 289. Distribution: Africa, ?Australia, Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, South Cotabato (photos). Notes: Montane thickets and ravines. 1200-2200m. Native.

Hymenaea L. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Hymenaea courbaril L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1192; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 528; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 724. Cultivated, not naturalized.
   • var. courbaril. Distribution: Neotropics. Notes: Cultivated elsewhere in the tropics. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Indigofera L.

1. Indigofera arrecta Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1 (1847) 184; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 109; Type: from Ethiopia. Distribution: Africa, Madagascar, Middle East. LUZON. Notes: 0-1400m. Naturalized.
2. Indigofera decora Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 1 (1846) 68; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 117; Type: from Hong Kong. Distribution: Hong Kong. LUZON. Notes: Not native to the Philippines, naturalized. Naturalized.
3. Indigofera galegoides DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 225; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 274; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 118; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. CALAMIANES, CULION, LUZON: Rizal, PANAY. Notes: 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Indigofera hendecaphylla Jacq., Collectanea (Jacquin) 2 (1788) 259; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 275, excl. Indigofera pusilla Lam; Du Puy et al., Kew Bull. 48 (1993) 731. ≠ Indigofera spicata auct. non Forssk.; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 132. Distribution: LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Laguna (photos), MINDANAO, MINDORO. Notes: 0-2580m. Native.
   • var. hendecaphylla. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: Roadsides, grassfields. 0-2580m. Native.
5. Indigofera hirsuta L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 751; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 275; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 120; Type: from Sri Lanka. = Indigofera angustifolia Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 596; Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 179; Type: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 403 (BM, K, L, US), Luzon: Pangasinan, Umingan. ≠ Indigofera tinctoria auct. non L.; Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1877-83) t. 163. Distribution: Pantropic. LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Benguet, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), PANAY, SEMIRARA. Notes: Grasslands, waste places, riverbanks. 0-1500m. Native.
6. Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4 (1786) 29; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 275; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 123; ≡ Hedysarum linifolium L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 331. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija. Notes: 0-760m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Indigofera luzonensis de Kort & G.Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 126; Adema, Blumea 56 (2011) 271; Type: Merrill 5043 (L, holo; BO, K, P, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Montalban, Mar-1906. = Indigofera erectifructa Y.Endo, H.Ohashi & Madulid, J. Jap. Bot. 80 (2005) 261. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, ITBAYAT, LUZON: Abra, Apayao (photos), Benguet, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, SAMAR. Native.
8. Indigofera nigrescens Kurz ex King & Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 67(2) (1898) 268; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 275; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 127; Type: from Myanmar. Distribution: China, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: 700-2100m. Native.
9. Indigofera spicata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. (1775) 138; Du Puy et al., Kew Bull. 48 (1993) 728; Type: from Yemen. Distribution: Africa, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Middle East. LUZON: Cavite (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos). Naturalized.
10. Indigofera suffruticosa Mill., Gard. Dict., 8th Ed. (1768) n.2; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 275; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 134; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 57. Distribution: Neotropics. HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: Laguna, MINDORO, PANAY (photos), TABLAS. Naturalized.
    • ssp. suffruticosa. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON: Laguna, TABLAS. Notes: Wasteland. Naturalized.
11. Indigofera tinctoria L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 751; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 276; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 136; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 56; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Java, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: P.B. Pelser (31-May-21): Perhaps this species is best considered cryptogenic for the Philippines, because it is not clear to me if it is native or not. Roadsides, grassy fields, cultivated grounds, riverbanks, secondary forests, etc. 0-800m. Cryptogenic.
12. Indigofera trifoliata L., Amoen. Acad. 4 (1759) 327; Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1763) 1062; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 276; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 137; Type: from India. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. CEBU, LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, Rizal, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PANAY (photos), SABTANG. Notes: 0-1700m. Native.
    • ssp. trifoliata. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON, MINDANAO, SABTANG. Notes: Roadsides, grassy areas, fallow fields, open forests. 0-1700m. Native.
    • ssp. unifoliolata (Merr.) de Kort & G.Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 138; ≡ Indigofera unifoliolata Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 65; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 276; Type: BS 1411 Ramos (US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Morong, along the borders of Laguna de Bay, Aug-1906. = Tetragonolobus simplicifolius Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 397; Fl. Filip. 3 (1879) 364; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905 ) 38; Voucher: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 965 (US), Luzon: Rizal, Pantay, Sep-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, LUZON: Bulacan, Laguna, Rizal. Notes: Lowland grasslands. Native.
13. Indigofera zollingeriana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 310; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 276; de Kort & Thijsse, Blumea 30 (1984) 142; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, China, Java, Java Sea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BATANES, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets, secondary thickets, etc. 0-1400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Inga Mill. (Not native)

1. Inga edulis Mart., Flora 20(Beibl.) (1837) 113. Distribution: Africa. NEGROS (photos). Naturalized.
2. Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 1018; ≡ Mimosa laurina Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) (1788) 85. Distribution: C & S America. Naturalized.
3. Inga spectabilis (Vahl) Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 1017; ≡ Mimosa spectabilis Vahl, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2 (1792) 219. Distribution: Africa. Naturalized.

Inocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Inocarpus fagifer (Parkinson) Fosberg, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 31 (1941) 95; ≡ Aniotum fagiferum Parkinson, J. Voy. South Seas (1773) 39. = Inocarpus edulis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1776) 66; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 302. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. MINDANAO, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Cultivated only (Merrill 1923). Cultivated, not naturalized.

Intsia Thou.

1. Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 192; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 235; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 257; Ding Hou, Blumea 38 (1994) 324; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 623; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; ≡ Afzelia bijuga (Colebr.) A.Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. (1854) 467, nom. illeg.; ≡ Macrolobium bijugum Colebr., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 12 (1819) 359. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BABUYAN ISLS, BALABAC, BASILAN, BATAN, BORACAY (photos), BUCAS GRANDE (photos), GUIMARAS, HOMONHON, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga, MINDORO, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TABLAS, TICAO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines; usually along the seashore, edge of rivers (including tidal), back of mangroves, in some localities occurring in inland forests, both primary and secondary. 0-600m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
2. Intsia palembanica Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 289; Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 107, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Ding Hou, Blumea 38 (1994) 326; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 623. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Camarines Sur, Isabela, PALAWAN. Notes: Primary and secondary lowland forests. 0-850m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Koompassia Maingay

1. Koompassia excelsa (Becc.) Taub., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (Engler & Prantl) 3(3) (1891) 156; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 262; de Wit, Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenz. 3, 17 (1947) 311; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 632; ≡ Abauria excelsa Becc., Malesia 1 (1877) 169. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. PALAWAN. Notes: Primary forests. 0-400(-600)m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Kunstleria Prain

1. Kunstleria forbesii Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66(2) (1897) 111; Ridder-Numan & Kornet, Blumea 38 (1994) 471. = Kunstleria atroviolacea (Elmer) Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 14; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 298; ≡ Derris atroviolacea Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1798; Type: Elmer 12965. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland secondary forests. 0-90m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
2. Kunstleria philippinensis Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 359; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 298; Ridder-Numan & Kornet, Blumea 38 (1994) 478; Type: Wenzel 836 (US, iso), Leyte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Lowland forests. (?-)500m. Native.

Lablab Adans. (Not native)

1. Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. (Sweet), 1st Ed. (1826) 481; Verdc., Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 410; ≡ Dolichos purpureus L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1021. = Dolichos lablab L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 725; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 65; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 90; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 135; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 264; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 193; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 321; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 116. = Lablab cultratus DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 402; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 405; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1879) 379. Distribution: Africa, India, Madagascar. CULION. Notes: Old World native and now pantropic in cultivation. A naturalized introduced plant in the Philippines. Commonly cultivated in the settled areas, sometimes escaping. Bataw. Naturalized.

Lathyrus L. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Lathyrus oleraceus Lam., Fl. Franç. (Lamarck) 2 (1779) 580. = Pisum sativum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 272; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 62; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 108; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 249; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 302. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Europe, Middle East, W Asia. Notes: In the Philippines, cultivated, its occurrence dependents on imported seeds. Common pea; Chicharo. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Leptodesmia (Benth.) Benth. & Hook.f.

1. Leptodesmia microphylla (Thunb.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 186; ≡ Desmodium microphyllum (Thunb.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 337; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 287; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 254; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 241; ≡ Hedysarum microphyllum Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) (1784) 284. Distribution: Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: 750m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. microphylla. Distribution: Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Very common weed of lowland and hills, indifferent to distribution of rainfall. Native.

Leptospron (Benth. & Hook.f.) A.Delgado (Not native)

1. Leptospron adenanthum (G.Mey.) A.Delgado, Amer. J. Bot. 98 (2011) 1710; ≡ Vigna adenantha (G.Mey.) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier, Taxon 27 (1978) 202; ≡ Phaseolus adenanthus G.Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. (1818) 239; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 89; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 132; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 261; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 318. Distribution: C & S America. LUZON: Cagayan, La Union (photos), MINDANAO. Notes: Luzon (Cagayan) to Mindanao. Thickets bordering swamps, streams, etc. At low and medium elevation. Naturalized.

Lespedeza Michx.

1. Lespedeza juncea (L.f.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Pers.) 2 (1807) 318; Adema, Blumea 64 (2019) 273; ≡ Hedysarum junceum L.f., Dec. Pl. Hort. Upsal. 1 (1762) 7. = Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2 (1832) 307; ≡ Anthyllis cuneata Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. 6 (1811) 100. = Lespedeza juncea var. sericea (Thunb.) Forbes & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23 (1887) 181; Merrill & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 104; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 94; ≡ Lespedeza sericea (Thunb.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3 (1867) 49; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 294; ≡ Hedysarum sericeum Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) (1784) 287. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bhutan, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, Moluccas, Myanmar, N America, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, W Asia. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Open montane grasslands. 1200-2200m. Native.

Leucaena Benth. (Not native)

1. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Taxon 10 (1961) 53; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 560; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 182; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; ≡ Mimosa leucocephala Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1783) 12; Rojo, Rev. Lexicon Philip. Trees (1999) 256. = Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4 (1842) 416; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 250. ≠ Mimosa glauca auct. non L.; L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2 (1763) 1504. Distribution: Neotropics. APULIT, HOMONHON, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Ilocos Norte (photos), Pangasinan (photos), PANAY (photos), SIARGAO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Ipil-ipil. Invasive species (CABI 2017). 0m. Naturalized.
2. Leucaena × spontanea C.E.Hughes & S.A.Harris, Pl. Syst. Evol. 212 (1998) 70. Distribution: C America, Caribbean, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Batangas. Notes: Hybrid between Leucaena leucocephala and Leucaena diversifolia. Naturalized.

Lysiphyllum (Benth.) de Wit

1. Lysiphyllum binatum (Blanco) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 432; ≡ Bauhinia binata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 331, as 'binnata'; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 43; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 172; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 258; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 502; Type: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 998 (L, neo; K, MO, US, W, isoneo), Luzon: Quezon, Pagbilao, Oct-1916. = Bauhinia blancoi (Benth.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 2 (1864) 296; Baker in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 2 (1878) 278; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. 1 (1904) 8; ≡ Phanera blancoi Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 264; Type: Cuming 1518 (E, PRC, W). Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand. BASILAN, BOHOL, BUSUANGA (photos), CEBU, CORON, DUMARAN, LUZON: Batangas, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (photos), NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUTU, SIQUIJOR (photos). Notes: Restricted to coastal areas, in sandy soil as well as among rocks and in tidal forests. Prefential to seasonal areas. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Macropsychanthus Harms ex Schumann & Lauterbach

1. Macropsychanthus ferrugineus Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 121; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 311; De Queiroz & Snak, PhytoKeys 164 (2020) 95; ≡ Dioclea decandra Amshoff ex Adema, Blumea 43 (1998) 234; Type: Clemens 419 (US, lecto; F, K, isolecto), Mindanao: Lake Lanao. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay. Native.
2. Macropsychanthus hexander (Ralph) L.P.Queiroz & Snak, PhytoKeys 164 (2020) 97. = Dioclea hexandra (Ralph) Mabb., Taxon 29 (1980) 605; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 98; ≡ Mucuna hexandra Ralph, Icon. Carpolog. (1849) 30. ≠ Dioclea reflexa auct. non Hook.f.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 311. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BUSUANGA, LUZON: Laguna, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
3. Macropsychanthus mindanaensis Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 120; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 311; De Queiroz & Snak, PhytoKeys 164 (2020) 100; Type: Bolster 330 (PNH, holo, lost), Mindanao: Surigao. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests along streams. Listed as a "dubious species.". Native.
4. Macropsychanthus purpureus (Elmer) L.P.Queiroz & Snak, PhytoKeys 164 (2020) 102; ≡ Luzonia purpurea Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 220; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 120; Merrill, PJS 10c (1915) 17; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 314; Adema, Blumea 43 (1998) 235; Type: Elmer 9013 (PNH, holo; A, E, L, MO, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, wooded ravines, 775m, May-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: ?Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. (?-)1400m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1, as Luzonia purpurea). DAO category: Other Threatened Species (as Luzonia purpurea). Native.
5. Macropsychanthus umbrinus (Elmer) L.P.Queiroz & Snak, PhytoKeys 164 (2020) 104; ≡ Dioclea umbrina Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 224; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 119; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 311; Adema, Blumea 43 (1998) 234; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 98; Type: Elmer 7249 (PNH, holo; K, iso), Leyte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation forests. Native.

Macroptilium (Benth.) Urb. (Not native)

1. Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9 (1928) 457; ≡ Phaseolus atropurpureus DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 395; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 110. Distribution: America. MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: Throughout the Philippines, in open grasslands and rice fields. 800m (photos). Naturalized.
2. Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9 (1928) 457; ≡ Phaseolus lathyroides L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1018; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 260; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 318; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 110. = Phaseolus semierectus L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 100; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 89; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 132. Distribution: Neotropics. PALAWAN. Notes: Now pantropically distributed. Widespread in the Philippines, low elevation grasslands, rice fields, roadsides, etc. Naturalized.

Macrotyloma (Wight & Arn.) Verdc. (Not native)

1. Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 322; Fuller & Murphy, Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 65 (2018) 286; ≡ Dolichos uniflorus Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 299; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 135; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 322. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: Introduced as a fodder crop (Fuller & Murphy 2018). Low elevation, in old rice fields. Known from the Philippines from Cuzner 29 (US; Merrill 1910). Naturalized.
   • var. uniflorum. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. LUZON: Rizal. Naturalized.

Medicago L. (Not native)

1. Medicago lupulina L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 779; Merrill, PJS 7c (1912) 274; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 253; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 274. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Bangladesh, China, Europe, India, Middle East, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, W Asia. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Open grassy sites. 1500m. Naturalized.
2. Medicago polymorpha L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 779. = Medicago denticulata Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1803) 1414; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 64; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 274. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Europe, Middle East, Nepal, Pakistan, W Asia. LUZON: Benguet, La Union, NCR. Notes: Apparently well established in Benguet. Naturalized.

Melilotus Mill. (Not native)

1. Melilotus indicus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1 (1785) 308; Merrill, PJS 10c (1915) 15; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 274; ≡ Trifolium indicum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 765. = Trifolium melilotus-indica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 765. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Bangladesh, China, Europe, India, Middle East, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Disturbed soil along the railroad grade, also as a weed in the Forestry Nursery (Merrill 1915). Naturalized.

Mezoneuron Desf.

1. Mezoneuron andamanicum Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 61 (1892) 131; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 539; Clark, Phytotaxa 274 (2016) 12; ≡ Caesalpinia andamanica (Prain) Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 15; De la Estrella et al., Nordic J. Bot. 25 (2007) 42; Type: from India. Distribution: India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. TICAO. Notes: 0-500m. Native.
2. Mezoneuron cucullatum (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. (1834) 283; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 268; Clark, Phytotaxa 274 (2016) 13; ≡ Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 358; Hort. Beng. (1814) 32, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 22; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 543. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. DINAGAT, LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Notes: Medium elevation forests along streams and lakes. Not mentioned for the Philippines by Clark (2016). 0-1500m. Native.
3. Mezoneuron hymenocarpum Wight & Arn. ex Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66 (1897) 233; Clark, Phytotaxa 274 (2016) 22; ≡ Caesalpinia hymenocarpa (Wight & Arn. ex Prain) Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 35; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 546; Type: from Myanmar. Distribution: Australia, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: 0-850m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Clark 2016). Native.
4. Mezoneuron latisiliquum (Cav.) Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 268; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 268; Clark, Phytotaxa 274 (2016) 16; ≡ Caesalpinia latisiliqua (Cav.) Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1973) 37; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 547; ≡ Bauhinia latisiliqua Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5 (1799) 5; Type: Cavanilles’ plate excl. bauhinioid leaves, from Luzon; Cuming 1193 (K, epi; K, L, isoepi), Luzon: Albay. = Caesalpinia torquata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 336; Type: lost. = Mezoneuron procumbens Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 235, as 'Mezoneurum'; Type: lost. = Mezoneuron rubrum Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 6 (1904) 7, as 'Mezoneurum'; Type: Merrill 805 (PNH, holo, lost; K, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Point Separacion, 20-Feb-1903. = Mezoneuron cabadbarense Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3757, as 'Mezoneurum'; Type: Elmer 13386 (BM, BO, GH, K, L, NY, P, PNH, U, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Jul-1912. ≠ Mezoneuron glabrum auct. non Desf.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 70, as 'Mezoneurum'. ≠ Mezoneuron sumatranum auct. non (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 269. Distribution: Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Vietnam. CEBU, LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SIBUYAN. Notes: Rocks on sunny hot dry slopes, riverbanks and roadsides, secondary forest fringes and thickets. 50-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Clark 2016). Native.
5. Mezoneuron mindorense Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 232; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 268; Clark, Phytotaxa 274 (2016) 25; ≡ Caesalpinia mindorensis (Merr.) Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1973) 41; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 548; Type: Merritt s.n., For. Bur. no. 479 (L, neo), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Pinamalayan, 20-Oct-1906. = Mezoneuron mindorense var. inermis Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 232; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 268; Type: BS 1514 J Bermejos (BO, GH, K, NY, PNH, US, syn), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Bulalacao, 8-Sep-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, MINDANAO, MINDORO. Notes: Lowland secondary forests, edge of swamps, thickets. Conservation status: Vulnerable (Clark 2016). Native.
6. Mezoneuron pubescens Desf., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4 (1818) 245; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 56; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 230; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 176; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 269; Clark, Phytotaxa 274 (2016) 23; ≡ Caesalpinia pubescens (Desf.) Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1973) 47; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 550; Type: from Java. Distribution: Java, Java Sea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal. Notes: Lowlands in open dry grasslands, thin thickets, etc. Prefers seasonal drought and flowers at the end of the wet season. 0-700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Clark 2016). Native.

Mimosa L. (Not native)

1. Mimosa diplotricha C.Wright, Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 5 (1869) 405; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 184. ≠ Mimosa invisa auct. non Mart. ex Colla; Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 436. Distribution: LUZON: Cagayan (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur (photos), Surigao del Norte (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 350-450m (photos). Naturalized.
   • var. diplotricha. Distribution: America. LUZON. Naturalized.
2. Mimosa pudica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 518; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 228; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 251; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988. Distribution: LUZON: Camarines Sur (photos), MINDORO, SIARGAO. Naturalized.
   • var. hispida Brenan, Kew Bull. 10 (1955) 186; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 186. Distribution: S America. Notes: Throughout the Philippines; open waste places at low and medium elevation in settled areas, common and abundant. Naturalized.
   • var. tetrandra (Willd.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 426; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 186; ≡ Mimosa tetrandra Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 1032. Distribution: S America. LUZON. Naturalized.
3. Mimosa quadrivalvis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 522; ≡ Schrankia quadrivalvis (L.) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 30; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 250; Hopkins, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 205. Distribution: C America. LUZON: Batangas, MINDANAO: Misamis. Notes: In open grassland and waste places. “Apparently introduced to the Philippines by the Spanish from Mexico (Merrill 1910, 1918). I have seen only the specimens cited by Merrill (1923) and doubt that the species ever established in Malesia, though it has shown some persistence at Bauan, Batangas, where it was recollected in 1915 by Merrill, the first collection from that place being that of Blanco before 1837 (Merrill 1918)” (Hopkins 1992). Naturalized.

Monarthrocarpus Merr.

1. Monarthrocarpus securiformis (Benth.) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 89; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 291; ≡ Desmodium securiforme Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 226; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 62; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 108; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 258; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 128; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 87. = Desmodium securiforme var. monophylla Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 90; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 291. = Desmofischera monosperma Holthuis, Blumea 5 (1942) 189. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, POLILLO, SIARGAO. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation forests. Native.

Mucuna Adans.

1. Mucuna angustifolia Adema, Blumea 61 (2016) 103; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 103; Type: Ridsdale & Reynoso 1420 (L, holo), Luzon: Zambales, Santa Cruz, Acoje Mine concession area, 23-May-1986. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Zambales. Notes: (?-)200-725m. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
2. Mucuna aurea C.B.Rob., PJS 3c (1908) 183; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 307; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 229; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 105; Type: R.S. Williams 1292 (NY, holo; K, NY, PNH, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, 13-Jul-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao. Notes: Medium elevation forests and thickets. (?-)1650-1700m. Native.
3. Mucuna curranii Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 230; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 116; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 308; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 231; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 106; Type: Elmer 8442 (PNH, holo, lost; A, BO, F, K, L, NY, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, ?MINDANAO: ?Bukidnon. Notes: Montane thickets, also limestone cliffs and ravines. 1300-2200m. Native.
4. Mucuna diplax Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1991) 240; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 106; Type: R.S. Williams 231 (NY, holo; A, K, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, 23-Nov-1903. = Negretia urens Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 586, nom. illeg., non Tussac; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 409; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 387; Type: Merrill Sp. Blanc. 779 (L, neo; K, isoneo), Luzon: Rizal, San Mateo. ≠ Mucuna imbricata auct. non DC. ex Baker; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 38; PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 67. ≠ Mucuna nigricans auct. non (Lour.) Steud.; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 116, pro parte; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 187; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 107. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, BACUIT ISLS (photos), LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN (photos), POLILLO. Notes: Low elevation, recorded among others along riverine habitats. 0-70m. Native.
5. Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 405; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 308; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 217; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 108; ≡ Dolichos giganteus Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1802) 1041. Distribution: ALABAT, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, DANJUGAN (photos), LUZON: Albay, Aurora (photos), Bataan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, NCR, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SIARGAO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-700m. Native.
   • ssp. gigantea. Distribution: Africa, Australia, India, Indochina, Japan, Malay Peninsula to New Guinea, Myanmar, Pacific Ocean. ALABAT, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: In forests, thickets, usually near or along the seashore. 0-700m. Native.
   • ssp. plurisemina Verdc., Kew Bull. 33 (1979) 126; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 218; Type: from New Guinea. Distribution: Australia, New Guinea. TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Habitat as in ssp. gigantea. Naturalized.
6. Mucuna hainanensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3 (1913) 72; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 108; Type: from China. Distribution: GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos), PANAY (photos), SIARGAO (photos). Notes: 0-100m. Native.
   • ssp. multilamellata Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1991) 207; Type: from India. = ?Negretia urens Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 586; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 409; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 387, ?pro parte. ≠ Mucuna nigricans auct. non (Lour.) Steud.; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 116, pro parte; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 187, pro parte; EPFP 2 (1923) 309; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 39 (1984) 43; Kew Bull. 42 (1987) 30. Distribution: India, Myanmar, Philippines. GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Zamboanga del Norte, PANAY (photos), SIARGAO (photos). Notes: Sea-level to medium elevation, secondary forests, thickets or open country, often near water. 0-100m. Native.
7. Mucuna longipedunculata Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 18; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 308; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 223; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 106, excl. syn. Mucuna macmillanii Elmer; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 112; Type: Elmer 6233 (PNH, holo, lost; K, NY, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Sablan, May-1904. = Mucuna macmillanii Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2736; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 308; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 226; Type: Elmer 13594 (PNH, holo, lost; A, BISH, E, F, K, L, MO, NEB, NY, US, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, CEBU (photos), LUZON: Abra (photos), Aurora, Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Norte, ?PANAY, POLILLO. Notes: Ravines, forests, near streams, low and medium elevation. (?-)200-500m to 850m (photos). Native.
8. Mucuna mindorensis Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 231; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 309; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 221; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 112; ≡ Mucuna acuminata Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 196, nom. illeg.; Type: Merrill 4069 (PNH, holo; K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Baco River. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Forest, along beach and rivers at low elevation. 0m. Native.
9. Mucuna pachycarpa Parreno ex Wilmot-Dear, Blumea 61 (2016) 113; Type: BS 84971 Ramos & Edaño (A, holo), Mindanao: South Cotabato, Nutol, 18-Apr-1932. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: South Cotabato. Notes: Known only from the type? Native.
10. Mucuna platyplekta Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 152; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 244; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 114; Type: BS 47232 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; NY, UC, iso), Luzon: Isabela, San Mariano, 16-Feb-1926. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ITBAYAT, LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, ?Rizal. Notes: Lowland dry open forests along streams. Native.
11. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 405; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 86; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 67; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 117; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 259; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 188; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 309; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 39 (1984) 61; Kew Bull. 42 (1987) 40; Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 245; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 107; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 115; ≡ Dolichos pruriens L., Herb. Amboin. (Linn.) (1754) 23. = Negretia pruriens Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 411, nom. illeg., non (L.) Oken; Type: Merrill Species Blancoana 645 (L, neo), Luzon: Rizal, Fort William McKinley. Distribution: CATANDUANES, JOLO, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Apayao (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga (photos), Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: 0-1300m. Native.
    • var. pruriens. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. CATANDUANES, JOLO, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Apayao (photos), Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Notes: Low to medium elevation thickets and secondary forests, streamsides. 0-1300m. Native.
    • var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 11 (1893) 187; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 39 (1984) 63; Kew Bull. 42 (1987) 45; Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 249; ≡ Mucuna utilis Wall. ex Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. (Wight) 1 (1838) t.80. = Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 118; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 308; ≡ Stizolobium deeringianum Bort, Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 141 (1909) 31. = Mucuna nivea (Roxb.) DC. ex Wight, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1 (1834) 255; Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 188; ≡ Carpopogon niveus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 285, as 'niveum'. = Mucuna cochinchinensis (Lour.) A.Chev., Jard. Bot. Saigon (1919) 64; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 307; ≡ Macranthus cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 461. = Mucuna lyonii Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 197; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 259; Type: W.S. Lyon s.n. (PNH, holo, lost; K, US, iso), cult. in Manila from seeds from Luzon: Pampanga. = Negretia mitis Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 588, nom. illeg., non Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 410; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 388. Distribution: Bangladesh, India, Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Mountain Province, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, NEGROS. Notes: Grown in the Philippines for fodder and green manure. 0-300m. Naturalized.
12. Mucuna reticulata Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 11 (1893) 184; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 226; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 117; Type: from Sulawesi. = Mucuna foveolata Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 389; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 308; Type: FB 28379 Mabesa (PNH, holo, lost; K, US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Kabibihan. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation, along streams, forest edges, and secondary forests. 0-900m. Native.
13. Mucuna samarensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 390; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 309; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1990) 237; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 117; Type: BS 24341 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; K, NY, US, iso), Samar: Catubig River, Feb/Mar-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte, SAMAR. Notes: Lowlands, damp forests along margins of old clearings. 0-50m. Native.
14. Mucuna sericophylla Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 86; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 117; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 310; Wilmot-Dear, Kew Bull. 46 (1991) 247; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 109; Wiriadinata et al., Blumea 61 (2016) 118; ≡ Mucuna pruriens var. sericophylla, Kew Bull. 46 (1991) 247; Type: Warburg 12438 (B, holo, lost), Luzon: Cagayan. = Mucuna luzoniensis Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 196; Type: Elmer 5599 (PNH, holo, lost; NY, US, iso), Luzon: La Union, Bauang, Feb-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Zambales, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PANAY (photos). Notes: Low to medium elevation dry thickets. 0-500m to 800m (photos). Native.

Neltuma Raf. (Not native)

1. Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. (1838) 119; Hughes et al., PhytoKeys 205 (2022) 178; ≡ Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 447; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 215; Cañeda et al., Davao Research J. 16 (2025) 91; ≡ Mimosa juliflora Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) (1788) 85; Type: from Jamaica. Distribution: America. HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: Batangas (photos), Ilocos Norte (photos), MINDANAO: Davao Occidental, PANAY (photos). Notes: Widely cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. Widespread and thoroughly naturalized in the Philippines, often forming dense thornbushes behind the beach. 0-5m (photos). Naturalized.
   • var. juliflora. = Prosopis vidaliana Náves, Descr. Prosopsis vidaliana (1877) 15; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 228; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 251. Distribution: America. Naturalized.

Neptunia Lour.

1. Neptunia gracilis Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4 (1842) 355; Windler, Amer. J. Bot. 14 (1966) 414; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 188. = Neptunia depauperata Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 16; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 251. Distribution: Australia, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Ilocos, Ilocos Norte, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), MINDORO. Notes: 0-600m. Native.
2. Neptunia oleracea Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 654; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 251; Windler, Amer. J. Bot. 14 (1966) 401; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 189. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. CEBU (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur. Notes: Shallow lakes and swamps. 0-200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Cryptogenic.

Neustanthus Benth.

1. Neustanthus phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 235; Egan & Pan, Phytotaxa 218 (2015) 206; ≡ Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9 (1865) 125; ≡ Dolichos phaseoloides Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 316; Type: from India. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra (photos), Bulacan (photos), NCR, Pampanga (photos), Rizal, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: 50-900m (photos). Native.
   • var. javanica (Benth.) A.N.Egan & B.Pan, Phytotaxa 218 (2015) 207; ≡ Neustanthus javanicus Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 235; Type: from Java. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
   • var. phaseoloides. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Rizal. Native.

Ormocarpum P.Beauv.

1. Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 76; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 282; Arbainsyah & Adema, Blumea 69 (2024) 29; ≡ Diphaca cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 454; Type: from Indochina. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Vietnam. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Batangas, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte. Notes: Dry open slopes and thickets at low and medium elevation. 0-700m. Native.
2. Ormocarpum philippinense Arbainsyah, Blumea 69 (2024) 31; Type: Cuming 1849 (L, holo; K, iso), Bohol. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL. Native.
3. Ormocarpum sennoides (Willd.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 315; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 60; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 106; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 17; Arbainsyah & Adema, Blumea 69 (2024) 33; ≡ Hedysarum sennoides Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1803) 1207; Type: from India. Distribution: Africa, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka. Notes: 0-200m. Native.
   • ssp. sennoides. Distribution: Africa, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka. Notes: 0-200m. Native.
4. Ormocarpum smitsii Arbainsyah, Blumea 69 (2024) 33; Type: from Lesser Sunda Isls. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines. LUZON. Notes: 0-200m. Native.

Ormosia Jacks.

1. Ormosia bancana (Miq.) Merr., Bibliogr. Enum. Born. Pl. (1921) 301; Knaap-Van Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 229; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 300; Cockburn, Trees of Sabah 1 (1976) 201; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); ≡ Macrotropis bancana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 295. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra. MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: In the Philippines recorded from Taytay, Mt Victoria, Trident Mine area, 4 collections (L, PNH). 0-200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Ormosia calavensis Azaola, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 230; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1878) 64; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 69; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 23; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 113; Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 15; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 64; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 58; Interpret. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 262; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 177; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 269; Knaap-Van Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 229; Cockburn, Trees of Sabah 1 (1976) 201; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 32; Type: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 707 (K, US, isoneo), Luzon: Bulacan, Angat, Mt Anginan, dry hill summit, c. 220m, 16-Dec-1914. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, BILIRAN, CEBU, ITBAYAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), PONEAS, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TABLAS. Notes: In the Philippines from Luzon to Mindanao. Low and medium elevation forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Ormosia macrodisca Baker, Fl. Brit. India 2 (1878) 253; Knaap-Van Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 230; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 301. = Ormosia basilanensis Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 407; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 269; Type: FB 17893 Rafael (US, syn), Basilan: Basilan, Maluno, in forests, c. 140m, 13-Nov-1912; Hollier 508 (syn), probably same locality, Jan-1904. = ?Ormosia clementis Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 406; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 270; Type: M.S. Clemens 1139, Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Camp Keithley, c. 900m, Jul-1907. = ?Ormosia grandifolia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 408; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 270; Type: FB 21172 Alvarez, Luzon: Camarines, Magdoronganon River, in forests near the river, c. 100m, 23-Mar-1914. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, LUZON: Camarines, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland forest. (?-)800-900m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Ormosia paniculata Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 21; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 270; Knaap-Van Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 232; Type: FB 2028 Borden (NY, SING, US, iso), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, Sep/Dec-1904. = Ormosia orbiculata Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 405; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 270; Type: BS 32775 Ramos (K, L, US, iso), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Burgos, 17-Jul-1918. Distribution: Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Bataan, Ifugao (photos), Ilocos Norte. Notes: Lowland forest. 0-300m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Ormosia surigaensis Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 405; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 263; Knaap-Van Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 236; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; Type: BS 34494 Ramos & Pascasio (L, US, iso), Mindanao: Surigao del Norte, on ridges at low elevation at the iron deposit on the NE coast, 24-Apr-1919. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. HOMONHON, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte. Notes: Forested ridge at low elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Ototropis Nees

1. Ototropis sequax (Wall.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 87 (2012) 116; ≡ Desmodium sequax Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2 (1831) 46; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 98, 100; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 259; Ohashi, Ginkgoana no. 1 (1973) 112. = Desmodium dasylobum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 305; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 284. Distribution: China, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Java, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan. LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao. Notes: Montane thickets, ravines and forests. 850m (photos) to 1200-2400m. Native.

Pachyrhizus Rich. ex DC. (Not native)

1. Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4 (1905) 311; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 135; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 263; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 193; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 321; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 112; ≡ Dolichos erosus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 726. = Pachyrhizus angulatus Rich. ex DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 402; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 405; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1879) 380; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 65; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 110. Distribution: Neotropics. BALABAC, LUZON: Pampanga (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: Yam bean; singkamas. Throughout the Philippines in the settled areas at low and medium elevation. Sometimes planted. 200m (photos). Naturalized.

Parkia R.Br.

1. Parkia speciosa Hassk., Flora 25(2, Beibl. 1) (1842) 55; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 198. = Parkia harbesonii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1804; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 253. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forests. 0-900(-1420)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
2. Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 33; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 229; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 201; ≡ Inga timoriana DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 442. = Parkia roxburghii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2 (1832) 397; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 564. ≠ Parkia javanica auct. non (Lam.) Merr.; Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 168; EPFP 2 (1923) 253; Corner, Wayside Trees 1 (1940) 415; Wayside Trees ed. 3 (1988) 458; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 281; Cockburn, Trees Sabah 1 (1976) 191. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, La Union, Laguna, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: In Luzon from La Union and Pampanga to Laguna. Low and medium elevation forest, especially in the more seasonal parts of W Philippines. Briefly deciduous. 0-600(-1300)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Possibly present

1. Parkia sumatrana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 284; Hopkins, Blumea 37 (1992) 77; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 199. Notes: 0-600(-900)m.
   • ssp. sumatrana. Distribution: Borneo, ?Philippines, Sumatra. Notes: Perhaps in the Philippines: see comments under Parkia sherfeseei, an insufficiently known taxon.

Incertae sedis

1. Parkia sherfeseei Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 9; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 253; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 204; Type: FB 21962 Sherfesee, Cenabre & Ponce (US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, May-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Tidal streams and Nipa swamp at sea-level. “Described from incomplete material, but some collections cited by Merrill (1923) have not been traced. The leaves resemble Parkia sumatrana, but the habitat suggests a different ecology. Pods are needed to assess whether it is morphologically distinct or not” (Hopkins 1992). 0m. Native.

Peltophorum (Vogel) Benth.

1. Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., 2nd Ed. 1 (1927) 755; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 651. = Peltophorum inerme (Roxb.) Náves ex Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 69; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 69; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 57; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 233; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 269; ≡ Caesalpinia inermis Roxb., Hort. Bengal. (1814) 90; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1824) 367. = Peltophorum ferrugineum Benth., Fl. Austral. 2 (1864) 279; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 69; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 114; Type: from Timor. Distribution: Australia, Cambodia, Malesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, BALABAC, CORON, LUZON: Batangas, NCR, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, PANGULASIAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Usually along coastal forests and behind mangroves. Now extensively cultivated elsewhere in parks and roadsides as an ornamental shade tree. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Pericopsis Thwaites

1. Pericopsis mooniana (Thwaites) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1864) 414; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; ≡ Dalbergia mooniana Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1858) 93. = Ormosia villamilii Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 313; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 270; Type: FB 13290 Foxworthy, Villamil & de Mesa (US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur, opposite Olutanga Is, forested slopes near the sea, c. 20m, 16-May-1912. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra. HOMONHON, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Lowland forests near the sea. 20m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Phanera Lour.

1. Phanera aherniana (Perkins) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 448; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 19; ≡ Bauhinia aherniana Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 8; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 258; Ding Hou et al, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 461; Type: Merrill 1237 (A, lecto; BM, K, NY 2 sheets, SING, TI, US, isolecto), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Baco, Jan-1903. = Bauhinia hallieriana Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 691; Type: Elmer 12172 (NY, lecto; C, P, US, W, isolecto), Romblon, Mar-1910. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDORO, PALAWAN, ROMBLON, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-650m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
   • var. aherniana. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON, MINDORO, ROMBLON. Notes: Lowlands in open sites. 0-650m. Native.
   • var. subglabra (Merr.) Bandyop., Ghoshal & M.K.Pathak, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19 (2012) 55; ≡ Bauhinia aherniana var. subglabra (Merr.) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 661; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 462; ≡ Phanera semibifida var. subglabra (Merr.) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 469; ≡ Bauhinia subglabra Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 230; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 261; Type: BS 821 Foxworthy (K, lecto; NY, US, isolecto), Palawan: Palawan, Mar/Apr-1906. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: (?-)370m. Native.
2. Phanera ferruginea (Roxb.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1851) 26; ≡ Bauhinia ferruginea Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 331; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 473; De la Estrella et al., Nordic J. Bot. 25 (2007) 42. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Thailand. LUZON: Quezon. Notes: 0-800m. Native.
3. Phanera finlaysoniana Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 262; ≡ Bauhinia finlaysoniana (Benth.) Graham ex Baker, Fl. Brit. India 2 (1878) 278; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 514. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. BASILAN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora, Camarines, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Davao, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 0-1400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1, as Bauhinia finlaysoniana). Native.
   • var. leptopus (Perkins) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 509; ≡ Bauhinia finlaysoniana var. leptopus (Perkins) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 663; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 514; ≡ Bauhinia leptopus Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 10; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 44; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 259; Type: Warburg 12824 (E, lecto), Luzon: Quezon. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Moluccas, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. 0-350m. Native.
4. Phanera integrifolia (Roxb.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 263; de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 478; ≡ Bauhinia integrifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 331; Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814) 90, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 480. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. BILIRAN, BORACAY (photos), BUYAYAO (photos), CEBU, LAGEN, LUZON: Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Isabela (photos), Kalinga-Apayao, La Union, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: 0-1200m. Native.
   • ssp. cumingiana (Benth.) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 480; ≡ Bauhinia integrifolia ssp. cumingiana (Benth.) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 2 (1982) 332; Nord. J. Bot. 13 (1993) 658; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 481; ≡ Bauhinia cumingiana (Benth.) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 73; ≡ Phanera cumingiana Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 263; Type: Cuming 1785 (K, lecto; E, G, L, OXF, P, PRC, W, isolecto). Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BILIRAN, CEBU (photos), LAGEN, LUZON: Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Kalinga-Apayao, La Union, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: 0-1200m. Native.
     • var. cumingiana. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, MINDANAO. Notes: Luzon (Cagayan) to Mindanao. Low and medium elevation forests. Native.
     • var. nymphaeifolia (Perkins) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 482; ≡ Bauhinia integrifolia var. nymphaeifolia (Perkins) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 658; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 482; ≡ Bauhinia nymphaeifolia Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 11; Type: Cuming 1181 (K, lecto; E, G, K, L, P, PRC, W), Luzon. = Bauhinia whitfordii Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 229; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 44; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 261; Type: Elmer 8897 (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Zambales. Notes: Lowland to medium elevation thickets and forests. Native.
5. Phanera lingua (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 67; ≡ Bauhinia lingua DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 516; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 483. = Bauhinia warburgii Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 12; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 46; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 261; Type: Warburg 12823. = Bauhinia pinchotiana Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 12; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 45; Type: Cuming 1119 (K, lecto; E, G, L 2 sheets, P, W, isolecto), Luzon: Ilocos Sur prov. ≠ Bauhinia semibifida auct. non Roxb.; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 24; Fern-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 73. Distribution: LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Benguet, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna (photos), Quezon, Rizal, MARINDUQUE, MINDORO, PALAWAN (photos), SAMAR. Notes: 0-1000m. Native.
   • var. lingua. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Apayao, Camarines, Ilocos Sur, Quezon, PALAWAN (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation forests. 0-1000m. Native.
   • var. antipolana (Perkins) Bandyop., Ghoshal & M.K.Pathak, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19 (2012) 58; ≡ Bauhinia lingua var. antipolana (Perkins) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 660; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 485; ≡ Bauhinia antipolana Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 9; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 45; Type: Merrill 1317 (NY), Luzon: Rizal, Antipolo, Feb-1903. = Bauhinia chalcobapta Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 151; Type: BS 47217 Ramos & Edaño (NY, US iso), Luzon: Isabela, San Mariano, along stream in open forests, c. 650m, 26-Mar-1926. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Isabela, Laguna (photos), Rizal, PALAWAN (photos). Notes: Open forests. 650m. Native.
6. Phanera merrilliana (Perkins) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 461; ≡ Bauhinia merrilliana Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 10; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 45; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 260; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 485; Type: Merrill 694 (A, holo; BM, NY, SING, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, I-wi-ig (Iwahig) River, 18-Feb-1903. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Zambales, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. merrilliana. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland thickets and forests. Native.
7. Phanera pachyphylla (Merr.) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 461; ≡ Bauhinia pachyphylla Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 25; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 252; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 487; Type: Loher 12978 (K, lecto; M, isolecto), Luzon: Rizal, Balintingan, c. 1400m, Apr-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Surigao, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO. Native.
   • var. pachyphylla. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: L.L.Co: Known only with certainty from the type collection. A collection from Aurora prov. (Baler), according to Larsen has floral characters agreeing with this species but with different leaves. Native.
   • var. wenzelii (K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen) Bandyop., Ghoshal & M.K.Pathak, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19 (2012) 59; ≡ Bauhinia pachyphylla var. wenzelii K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 659; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 488; Type: Wenzel 2537 (NY, holo; BO, BR, K, MO, PR, iso), Mindanao: Surigao del Norte, 20-Apr-1927. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Surigao, Surigao del Norte. Native.
8. Phanera pauciflora (Merr.) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 462; ≡ Bauhinia pauciflora Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 13; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 260; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 488; Type: BS 13113 Foxworthy & Ramos (K, lecto; L, US, isolecto), Luzon: Quezon, Dapdap Point, in forest, Mar-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao, Quezon, Zambales. Notes: Lowland forest. L.L.Co: Known only with certainty from the type. De Wit (1956) and Larsen (1996) cite several collections from Mountain Province (actually Ifugao), Zambales, Rizal, and Quezon as probably conspecific with this species. 1400m. Native.
9. Phanera semibifida (Roxb.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 263; de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 465; ≡ Bauhinia semibifida Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 330; Hort. Beng. (1814) 31, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 490. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. CEBU (photos), MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: 100-2000m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
   • var. semibifida; ≡ Bauhinia semibifida var. semibifida. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. SIBUYAN. Notes: Forest margins. 200-2000m. Native.
   • var. perkinsiae (Merr.) Bandyop., Ghoshal & M.K.Pathak, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19 (2012) 59; ≡ Bauhinia semibifida var. perkinsiae (Merr.) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 661; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 494; ≡ Bauhinia perkinsiae Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 17 (1904) 2, as 'perkinsae'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 260; Type: Merrill 731 (NY, lecto; K, US, isolecto), Palawan: Palawan, I-wi-ig (Iwahig) River, 18-Feb-1903. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland thickets. Native.

Phaseolus L. (Not native)

1. Phaseolus lunatus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 724; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 573; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 400; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 370; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 64; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 89; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 32; Merrill & Merritt, PJS 5c (1910) 354; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 261; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 191; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 318; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 112. = Phaseolus inamoenus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 724; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 571; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 399; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 368. = Phaseolus ilocanus Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 572. = Phaseolus tunkinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 435; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 399; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 369. ≠ Phaseolus vexillatus auct. non L.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 574. ≠ Phaseolus vulgaris auct. non L.; Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 401; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 371. Distribution: Neotropics. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: Now pantropic in distribution. In the Philippines now thoroughly naturalized and common in thickets at low and medium elevation; some forms cultivated. Lima bean. 0-2000m. Naturalized.
2. Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 723; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 64; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 261; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 319. Distribution: C America. LUZON: Mountain Province. Notes: Various forms cultivated in the Philippines. In the Mountain Province, occasionally subspontaneous. Common bean. Naturalized.

Phylacium Benn.

1. Phylacium bracteosum Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) (1840) 159; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 108; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 20; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 94; Merrill & Merritt, PJS 5c (1910) 354; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 294; Bresser, Blumea 24 (1978) 490. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Ifugao, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Davao, Davao de Oro (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. Low and medium elevation dry thickets; locally abundant. (?-)600-1000m (photos) to 1400m. Native.

Phyllodium Desv.

1. Phyllodium pulchellum (L.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1 (1813) 124; Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1 (1973) 276, Pl. 39b; ≡ Desmodium pulchellum (L.) Benth., Fl. Hongk. (1861) 83; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 79; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 239; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 288; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 256; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 603; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 39; ≡ Hedysarum pulchellum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 747. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, CULION, LUZON: Abra (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales (photos), MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIASI, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation wastelands, open thickets, settled areas, etc. 750m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Piliostigma Hochst.

1. Piliostigma malabaricum (Roxb.) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 261; ≡ Bauhinia malabarica Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 321; Hort. Beng. (1814) 31, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 260; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 456. = Piliostigma malabaricum var. acidum (Reinw. ex Korth.) de Wit, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 531; ≡ Bauhinia acida Reinw. ex Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1841) 86. Distribution: Australia, Cambodia, India, Java to Lesser Sunda Isls, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Laguna, Pangasinan, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, SAMAR. Notes: A typical species of the more seasonal parts of the archipelago. 0-300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Pithecellobium Mart.

1. Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 199; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 225; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 243; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 155; ≡ Mimosa dulcis Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1 (1798) 67. Distribution: C America. Notes: Cultivated and naturalized in most of the tropics. Throughout the Philippines in the lowlands to medium elevation, particularly common in the more seasonal regions. Wastelands, dry river beds, brushwoods, etc. Naturalized.

Incertae sedis

1. Pithecellobium platycarpum Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 17; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 244. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: “Topotypic material needed from Twin Peaks, prov. of Benguet, Luzon before the identity of this taxon can be known” (Nielsen 1992). Native.

Pleurolobus J.St-Hil.

1. Pleurolobus gangeticus (L.) J.St.-Hil. ex H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 184; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 19; ≡ Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 327; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 241; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 285; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 249; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 607; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 184; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 36; ≡ Hedysarum gangeticum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 746. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BASILAN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, JOLO, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga (photos), Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIASI. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation open wastelands, thickets and secondary forests. 100-115m (photos). Native.

Polhillides H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

1. Polhillides velutina (Willd.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 94 (2019) 72; ≡ Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 328; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 264; Ohashi, Ginkgoana no. 1 (1973) 192; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 36; ≡ Hedysarum velutinum Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1803) 117. = Desmodium lasiocarpum DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 328; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 241; Merrill, PJS 14 (1919) 243; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 286. = Desmodium virgatum Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 3 (1846) 58; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 240; Merrill, PJS 14 (1919) 243; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 290. Native.
   • var. velutina. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Himalayas, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation thickets and grasslands. Native.

Pongamia Adans.

1. Pongamia ahernii (Merr. & Rolfe) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 13; ≡ Millettia ahernii Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 103; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 71; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 278; Adema, Blumea 45 (2000) 411; Type: BS 3373 Ahern’s collector (K, MO, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Sep-1905. = Millettia canariifolia Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 71; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 279; Type: BS 4711 (syn); BS 4727 Ramos (K, syn), Luzon: Zambales, Dec-1907. = Millettia cavitensis Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 72; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 279; Type: Merrill 4181 (L, NY, P, US, iso), Luzon: Cavite, Maragondong, Jul-1905. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, GOLO, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland thickets, ravines, and open forests. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Pongamia brachybotrys (Merr.) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 13; ≡ Fordia brachybotrys Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 397; Buijsen, Blumea 33 (1988) 249; Type: BS 44277 Ramos & Edaño (K, lecto; A, BM, NY, P, SING, UC, US, iso), Tawi-tawi: Damp forest at low elevation, Jul-1924. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Lowland forest. 0-1000m. Native.
3. Pongamia brachycarpa (Merr.) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 13; ≡ Millettia brachycarpa Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 17; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 278; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 53; Adema, Blumea 45 (2000) 410; Type: Merrill 9578 (PNH, holo, lost?; A, BM, CM, GH, K, L, LY, MO, NY, P, US), Palawan: Palawan, Silanga, 24-May-1913. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowlands, in thin forests, abandoned clearings, etc. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Pongamia merrillii (Perkins) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 13; ≡ Millettia merrillii Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 81; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 279; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 53; Adema, Blumea 45 (2000) 413; Type: Merrill 1387 (K, lecto; A, BM, GH, HBG, IBSC, K, NY, SING, US, isolecto), Luzon: Pampanga, Arayat, Mar-1903. = Millettia foxworthyi Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 72; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 279; Type: BS 740 Foxworthy (A, K, L, NY, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Mar/Apr-1906. = Millettia capillipes Dunn, PJS 6c (1912) 316; Type: FB 18549 Alvarez (K), Luzon: Isabela, Cabagan River, along stream bank, Apr-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. AMBIL, BILIRAN, CEBU, LUBANG, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, QUEZON ISL, SEMIRARA. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests, also along riverbanks. Locally abundant. DAO category: Other Threatened Species (as Millettia merrillii). Native.
5. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 24 (1898) t.384; Merr., Interp. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 271; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 298; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 65; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; Song et al., Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 14; ≡ Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi, Fl. Bilaspur Distr. 1 (1989) 210; Adema, Blumea 45 (2000) 411; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; Cañeda et al., Davao Research J. 16 (2025) 91; ≡ Cytisus pinnatus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 741. = Pongamia pinnata var. xerocarpa (Hassk.) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 298; ≡ Pongamia mitis var. xerocarpa (Hassk.) Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 101; ≡ Pongamia xerocarpa Hassk., Hort. Bogor. Descr. (1858) 208. = Pongamia glabra Vent., Jard. Malmaison (1803) t.28, nom. illeg., nom. superfl. = Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 68 (1971) 303; ≡ Galedupa indica Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1788) 594. = Pongamia mitis (L.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu App. A (1875) 49; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 101; ≡ Robinia mitis L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1044, nom. illeg. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, APULIT, BALABAC, BASILAN, BATAN, BORACAY (photos), CAGAYAN DE SULU, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, CEBU (photos), DALUPIRI, DANJUGAN, HOMONHON, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LAGEN, LUBANG, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINASAWA, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Norte (photos), Misamis, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, PONEAS, SABTANG, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIARGAO, SIDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI, TICAO, TINAGO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines along the seashore, common. Also extending inland. 0m to 300m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Pongamia platyphylla (Merr. ex Dunn) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 14; ≡ Millettia platyphylla Merr. ex Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41 (1912) 140; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 279; Adema, Blumea 45 (2000) 414; Type: C.M. Weber 1123 (A, lecto; E, GH, K, MIN, P, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mar/Jul-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Misamis, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Pongamia tenuipes (Merr.) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 15; ≡ Millettia tenuipes Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 398; Adema, Blumea 45 (2000) 414; Type: BS 44803 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost?; A, B, BM, BO, K, NY, P, SING, US, iso), Luzon: Zambales, Mt Marayep, along forested streams at low elevation, 12-Dec-1924. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Zambales. Notes: Only known from the type collection. Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Pongamia longipes (Perkins) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 14; ≡ Millettia longipes Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 80; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 279; Adema, Blumea 45 (2000) 417; Type: Warburg 12,112 (K, SYS, syn), Luzon: Isabela, Malunu, 1888. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela. Notes: Known only from uncorrelated fragmentary materials in K (Adema 2000). Native.
2. Pongamia stipulata (Dunn) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 15; ≡ Millettia stipulata Dunn, PJS 6c (1912) 316; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 280; Type: FB 11140 Aguilar (PNH, holo, lost?, US, iso), Luzon: Bulacan, Angat, Mar/Apr-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan. Notes: Adema (2000) questioned if the type specimens belong to Millettia [Pongamia]. Native.

Possibly present

1. Pongamia xylocarpa (Miq.) Z.Q.Song, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 204 (2025) 08254: 16; ≡ Millettia xylocarpa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 157; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, ?Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Song et al. (2025) listed this species as present for the Philippines, but Philippine specimens were not cited.

Prioria Griseb.

1. Prioria alternifolia (Elmer) Breteler, Wageningen Agr. Univ. Pap. 99 (1999) 50; ≡ Kingiodendron alternifolium (Elmer) Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 4c (1909) 267; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 255; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 46; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 627; ≡ Hardwickia alternifolia Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 362; Type: Elmer 7356 (Merr. & Rolfe ‘7366’) (PNH, holo, lost; BO, iso). Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Norte, NCR, Quezon, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: Forests. 0-800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.

Pseudarthria Wight & Arn.

1. Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. (1834) 209; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 90; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 291; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 105; ≡ Hedysarum viscidum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 747. Distribution: India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi. LUZON: Bulacan, NEGROS, PANAY, SIASI. Notes: Waste places near towns, deserted clearings, coconut groves, etc. Native.

Psophocarpus Necker ex DC. (Not native)

1. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 403; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 66; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 110; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 136; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 264; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 322; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 117; ≡ Dolichos tetragonolobus L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1020; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 576; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 402; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 374. Distribution: Africa. LUZON: Ilocos Norte (photos). Notes: Cultivated, semi-cultivated, and occasionally spontaneous or subspontaneous in most parts of the Philippines at low and medium elevation. Introduced. Asparagus bean; cigarillas. Naturalized.

Pterocarpus Jacq.

1. Pterocarpus indicus Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1800) 904; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 246; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 297; Rojo, Phanerog. Monog. 5 (1972) 41; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 60; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988. = Pterocarpus blancoi Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 6 (1904) 7; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 297. = Pterocarpus pubescens Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 271; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 297. Distribution: BALABAC, BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, ITBAYAT, LAGEN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales (photos), MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Lanao del Norte, Misamis, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, ROMBLON, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN, TABLAS, TICAO. Notes: 0-1300m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • forma indicus. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Cambodia, Malesia, Myanmar, Pacific Ocean, Ryukyu Isls, Thailand. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Lowland (usually evergreen) forests. 0-1300m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
   • forma echinatus (Pers.) Rojo, Phanerog. Monogr. 5 (1972) 46; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 60; ≡ Pterocarpus echinatus Pers., Syn. Pl. (Pers.) 2 (1807) 277; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 247. = Pterocarpus vidalianus Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 309; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 297. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, POLILLO. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2 (1799) 9; Rojo, Phanerog. Monog. 5 (1972) 58. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Pterolobium R.Br. ex Wight & Arnott

1. Pterolobium membranulaceum (Blanco) Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 22; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 52; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 175; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 266; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 658; ≡ Mimosa membranulacea Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 739; Type: non extant; Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 454, leg. M Ramos (L, neo; L, isoneo), Luzon: Bulacan, Angat, 1-Sep-1913; Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 664 (L, isosynneo), Luzon: Bulacan, Angat, Dec-1913. = Reichardia pentapetala Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 233; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 71. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: Bulacan, NCR, Pangasinan, Rizal. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets about cliffs. Also on coralline limestone. Fl. Sept.; fr. Nov., Dec. Native.

Pueraria DC.

1. Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr., Trans. New York Acad. Sci., N.S. 24 (1935) 10; ≡ Dolichos montanus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 439. Distribution: BATANES, BORACAY (photos), LUZON: Benguet, Isabela (photos), NCR, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: (?-)2000m. Native.
   • var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S.M.Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep, Legumes India (1992) 288; ≡ Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18 (1947) 16; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 34; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 99; ≡ Dolichos lobatus Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1802) 1047. = Pueraria thunbergiana (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9 (1865) 122; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 410; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 312; ≡ Pachyrhizus thunbergianus Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3) (1846) 237. = Pachyrhizus teres Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 580. = Dioscorea bolojonica Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 800; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 551; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 208. ≠ Pueraria phaseoloides auct. non (Roxb.) Benth.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 64; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 39; PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 123; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 254; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 189; EPFP 2 (1923) 311; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 100. ≠ Pachyrhizus montanus auct. non (Lour.) DC.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 406; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 381. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Java, Malay Peninsula, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Taiwan. BATANES, LUZON: Benguet, NCR, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, NEGROS. Notes: Batanes and N Luzon to Mindanao. Low and medium elevation grasslands and thickets. (?-)2000m. Native.
   • var. thomsonii (Benth.) Wiersema ex D.B.Ward, Phytologia 84 (1999) 386. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. NEGROS (photos). Native.
2. Pueraria pulcherrima (Koord.) Merr. ex Koord.-Schum., Syst. Verz. (Koord.-Schum.) 2 (1914) 132; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 312; ≡ Mucuna pulcherrima Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 440. = Glycine warburgii (Perkins) Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 231; ≡ Pueraria warburgii Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 87; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 124; Type: Warburg 14664 (B), Mindanao: Davao, Taumo. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte. Notes: Lowland thickets and forests. Native.

Pycnospora R.Brown ex Wight & Arn.

1. Pycnospora lutescens (Poir.) Schindl., J. Bot. 64 (1926) 145; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 437; ≡ Hedysarum lutescens Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 6 (1805) 417. = Pycnospora nervosa (Graham) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. (1834) 197; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 91; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 292; ≡ Crotalaria nervosa Graham, Numer. List (1831-1832) n.5428, nom. inval., nom. nud. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Vietnam. CULION, LUZON: Benguet, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao, MINDORO, PANAY, SEMIRARA. Notes: Open grasslands at low and medium elevation. Native.

Rhynchosia Lour.

1. Rhynchosia acuminatissima Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 171; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 440. = Rhynchosia calosperma Warb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13 (1891) 314; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 128; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 316. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, China, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sumatra. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Cavite, Pampanga, Quezon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte. Notes: Lowland thickets; apparently very rare or local in the Philippines. Native.
2. Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 385; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 316; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 439; ≡ Dolichos minimus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1020. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Australia, Bangladesh, Caribbean, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Notes: Grassland in region with a pronounced dry season, low elevation. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Rhynchosia volubilis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 460; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 316; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 443. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: In open grasslands. According to Meeuwen et al. (1960), this SE-E Asiatic species has never been found native in Malesia. It is said to be cultivated in Bogor during Blume’s time but has since disappeared and not been naturalized. 1400-2000m. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Samanea (Benth.) Merr. (Not native)

1. Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6 (1916) 47; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 242; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 156; ≡ Albizia saman (Jacq.) F.Muell., Select Pl., 2nd Ed. (1876) 12; ≡ Enterolobium saman (Jacq.) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66(2) (1897) 352; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 225; ≡ Mimosa saman Jacq., Fragm. Bot. (1800) 15. Distribution: S America. LUZON: Rizal (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Naturalized pantropically. Introduced to the Philippines c. 1860, now widely planted as a shade tree. In many places spontaneous. Rain-tree; akasya. Naturalized.

Saraca L. (Not native)

1. Saraca indica L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 98; Zuijderhoudt, Blumea 15 (1967) 423. Distribution: Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Cultivated. P.B. Pelser (18-Jan-21): Possibly naturalized along road side through secondary forest. Naturalized.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Saraca thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66 (1897) 211; Zuijderhoudt, Blumea 15 (1967) 416. Distribution: Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Laguna. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Sarcodum Lour.

1. Sarcodum scandens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 462; Clark, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 156; Type: from Vietnam. = Clianthus binnendyckianus Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40(2) (1871) 51; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 282; Type: from Moluccas. Distribution: China, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Vietnam. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao, POLILLO. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (Clark 2008). Native.

Schizolobium Vogel (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20 (1919) 240; Sp. Pl. (1753) 384; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 728; ≡ Cassia parahyba Vell., Fl. Flumin. (1829) 168. = Schizolobium excelsum Vogel, Linnaea 11 (1837) 399; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 542. Distribution: Neotropics. Notes: Cultivated as an ornamental in the Philippines. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Schleinitzia Warb.

1. Schleinitzia megaladenia (Merr.) P.Guinet & I.C.Nielsen, Adansonia, 2nd Sér. 20 (1980) 166; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 191; ≡ Albizia megaladenia Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 16; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 247; Type: BS 29023 Ramos & Edaño (US, holo; NY, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Umiray, in forest along the Umiray River, Jun-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Notes: Lowland damp forest along rivers. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Senegalia Raf.

1. Senegalia megaladena (Desv.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger, Blumea 58 (2013) 41; ≡ Acacia megaladena Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3 (1814) 69; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 51. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra. Notes: Possibly first reported for the Philippines through photos by Loralyn R. Casio from Abra. 0-800m. Native.
2. Senegalia merrillii (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger, Blumea 58 (2013) 41; ≡ Acacia merrillii I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 9; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 51; Type: PNH 18680 Conklin (P, holo; A, L, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Yagaw, SE slopes, 330m, 27-Jul-1953. ≠ Acacia philippinarum auct. non Benth.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 249, pro parte (BS 1431, 4578, 26291; Elmer 18159, FB 5267; Merrill 2812, 3796; Williams 478). ≠ Acacia caesia auct. non (L.) Willd.; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 6; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 29; Maslin et al., Plant Diversity 41 (2019) 397. ≠ Acacia intsia auct. non (L.) Willd.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 74; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 45; Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 111; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 120; Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 62. ≠ Acacia concinna auct. non (Willd.) DC.; Fern.-Vill. in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1877-83) t. 374. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Abra, Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: Hill forest, lowland rainforests, secondary forest; at riverbanks, in clearings and cultivated areas; also on limestone. Fl. mainly Jun-Sep; fr. Nov-Jan(-May). 0-300m. Native.
3. Senegalia palawanensis (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger, Blumea 58 (2013) 41; ≡ Acacia palawanensis I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 16; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 52; Type: PNH 12528 MD Sulit (L, holo; A, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Aborlan, Mt Iraan, SE slopes, vicinity of Ibato River, forest edge, 100m, 5-Jun-1950. ≠ Acacia pennata var. arrophula auct. non (D.Don) Baker; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 29; EPFP 2 (1923) 249. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Forest along rivers, forest margins. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Apr. 100m. Native.
4. Senegalia pluriglandulosa (Verdc.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger, Blumea 58 (2013) 41; ≡ Acacia pluriglandulosa Verdc., Kew Bull. 32 (1978) 472; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 54; Type: from New Guinea. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. Notes: 45-50m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (1928) 120; Maslin et al., Plant Diversity 41 (2019) 438; ≡ Mimosa rugata Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1783) 20; Type: from India. = Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 464; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 248; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 48; ≡ Mimosa concinna Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 1039. = Acacia philippinarum Benth., London J. Bot. 1 (1842) 514; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 249, pro parte. = Acacia quisumbingii Merr., PJS 82 (1953) 316; Type: PNH 6572 Quisumbing (L, iso), Luzon: Batangas, Calatagan, 16-Jan-1949. ≠ Acacia pennata auct. non (L.) Willd.; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 29, pro parte; EPFP 2 (1923) 249. ≠ Mimosa tenuifolia auct. non L. Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, PALAWAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets. 50-1050m. Native.
6. Senegalia sulitii (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger, Blumea 58 (2013) 42; Maslin et al., Plant Diversity 41 (2019) 363; ≡ Acacia sulitii I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 24; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 55; Type: PNH 8082 MD Sulit (L, holo), Samar: Western Samar, Wright, Loquilocon, Apr/May-1948. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Aurora, Quezon, Zambales, SAMAR. Notes: Forests, thickets, roadsides, creek banks. Fl. May-Aug. 0-550m. Native.
7. Senegalia tawitawiensis (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger, Blumea 58 (2013) 42; ≡ Acacia tawitawiensis I.C.Nielsen, Opera Bot. 81 (1985) 22; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 56; Type: BS 44167 Ramos & Edaño (NY, holo; SING, iso), Tawi-tawi, Jul/Aug-1924. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Senegalia catechu (L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb., Mabberley's Pl.-Book, 3rd Ed. (2008) 1021; Maslin et al., Plant Diversity 41 (2019) 460; ≡ Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 1079; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 206; Rojo, Rev. Lexicon Philip. Trees (1999) 247; ≡ Mimosa catechu L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 439. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand. Notes: Introduced in the Philippines (Maslin et al. 2019). Cultivated, not naturalized.

Possibly present

1. Senegalia pluricapitata (Steud.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger, Blumea 58 (2013) 41; Maslin et al., Plant Diversity 41 (2019) 443; ≡ Acacia pluricapitata Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (Steudel), 2nd Ed. 1 (1840) 7; Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 531; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 53; Type: G. Porter in Wallich Cat. no. 5255A (K-WALL, holo). Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, ?Myanmar, ?Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, ?Vietnam. ?LUZON: ?Laguna, ?Quezon, ?SAMAR. Notes: In forest. Fl. fr. throughout the year.

Excluded

1. Senegalia caesia (L.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger, Blumea 58 (2013) 40; Maslin et al. 41 (2019) 376; ≡ Acacia caesia (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 1090; Nielsen, Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-nam (1981); ≡ Mimosa caesia L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 522. Notes: According to Maslin et al. (2019) erroneously reported for the Philippines by Nielsen (1981).

Senna Mill.

1. Senna alata (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 349; Irwin & Barneby, Mem. NY Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 460; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 675; ≡ Cassia alata L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 378; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 234; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 262; Corner, Wayside Trees (1940) 388; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1956) 231; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 540. Distribution: Neotropics. BALABAC, BUSUANGA, CEBU (photos), LUZON: Isabela (photos), MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Norte (photos), MINDORO (photos), PANAY (photos). Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation, in the settled areas, secondary forests and clearings. Sometimes planted. 330-450m (photos). Naturalized.
2. Senna divaricata (Nees & Blume) Lock, Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 339; K.Larsen , Nordic J. Bot. 13 (1993) 404; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 677; ≡ Cassia divaricata Nees & Blume, Syll. Pl. Nov. 1 (1824) 94; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 116; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 49; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 262. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Zambales. Notes: Forests and thickets. 0-1270m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Senna fruticosa (Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 121; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 678; ≡ Cassia fruticosa Mill., Gard. Dict., 8th Ed. (1768) n.10; Corner, Wayside Trees (1940) 388; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1956) 247; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 537. Distribution: C America. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos). Notes: Pantropically cultivated as ornamental. In the Philippines grown as an ornamental tree from the lowlands to c. 1400m. Said to rarely escape cultivation and becoming naturalized. Seed-setting is also reportedly poor. Naturalized.
4. Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Phytologia 44 (1979) 499; Mem. NY Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 425; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 679; ≡ Cassia hirsuta L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 378; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 70; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 30; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 50; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 234; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 173; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 263. Distribution: LUZON: Laguna, NCR, Rizal, MINDORO. Naturalized.
   • var. hirsuta. Distribution: S America. LUZON: Laguna, NCR, Rizal. Notes: Long naturalized as a weed in the Old World tropics. Lowlands, occasional in waste places in the settled areas. Fl. throughout the year. Naturalized.
   • var. puberula H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 429; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 680; Type: from Paraguay. = Cassia leptocarpa var. hirsuta Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 27 (1871) 531; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1955) 251. = Cassia longisiliqua Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 338, nom. illeg., non L.f.; Irwin & Barneby, Mem. NY Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 430. = Cassia sulcata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 236, nom. illeg., non DC.; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 76; Irwin & Barneby, Mem. NY Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 430; Type: none extant. ≠ Cassia hirsuta auct. non L.; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 50. Notes: It has, as far as we know, not been found elsewhere in SE Asia. An introduced weed in the Philippines, perhaps via Europe, reported as a wayside weed by Blanco as early as 1837. Naturalized.
5. Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 252; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 681; ≡ Cassia obtusifolia L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 377; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 30; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1955) 254; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 540. Distribution: ?America. Notes: Origin uncertain, widespread throughout the tropics; in Malesia collected from Singapore, Java, Philippines and New Guinea, but probably occurs all over. Lowlands. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Naturalized.
6. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Handbuch (Link) 2 (1831) 140; Irwin & Barneby, Mem. NY Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 436; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 681; ≡ Cassia occidentalis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 377; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 338; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 236; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 75; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 70; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 115; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 50; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 173; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 234; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 264; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1956) 256. Distribution: S America. LUZON: Ilocos Norte (photos), Isabela (photos), PALAWAN (photos). Notes: Now widespread pantropically. A long-time immigrant in the Malesian region. Throughout the Philippines, from sea-level to 1200m, often a weed in waste places in and about towns. Fl. throughout the year. Naturalized.
7. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 98; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 685; ≡ Cassia siamea Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1785) 648; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 71; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 116; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 51; Merr., Fl Manila (1912) 233; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 264; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1956) 263. = Cassia florida Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 3 (1794) 57; Merr., Philip. Bureau Forestry Bull. 1 (1903) 24. ≠ Cassia arayatensis auct. non Llanos; Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1877-83) t. 426. Distribution: ?Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Cavite (photos), Rizal (photos). Notes: Widely planted throughout the tropics. Commonly planted shade tree in the Philippines at low elevation. Naturalized.
8. Senna sophera (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 347, as 'sophora'; Irwin & Barneby, Mem. NY Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 440; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 686; ≡ Cassia sophera L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 379; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 50; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 264; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1956) 265; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 538; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON. Notes: Now pantropically distributed. An occasional weed in N to C Luzon in settled areas at low and medium elevation. Naturalized.
9. Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 600; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 686; ≡ Cassia spectabilis DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. (1813) 90; Corner, Wayside Trees, ed. 2 (1952) 727; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1955) 267. Distribution: Neotropics. CEBU (photos), LUZON: Abra (photos), MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), PANAY (photos). Notes: A widely grown ornamental all over Malesia. 300m (photos). Naturalized.
10. Senna timoriensis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35 (1982) 98; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 689; ≡ Cassia timoriensis DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 499; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 264; Corner, Wayside Trees (1940) 390; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1955) 273; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 541. = Cassia arayatensis Llanos, Fragm. Pl. Filip. (1851) 71; Fern.-Vill. & Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1880) 55; Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 173. ≠ Cassia montana auct. non B.Heyne; Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1877-83) t. 452; Sp. Blancoaonae (1918) 173. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Tarlac, ?Zambales (photos). Notes: Thickets. Fl. throughout the year. 0-1100m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
11. Senna tora (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 340; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 689; ≡ Cassia tora L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 376; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 337; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 235; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 74; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 70; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 115; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 49; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 234; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 173; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 265; de Wit, Webbia 11 (1955) 276; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 539; Type: from India. Distribution: CATANDUANES, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Davao, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Origin not certain, but strictly limited to the Old World tropics. Throughout the Philippines at low and medium elevation, a very common weed in the settled areas. Cryptogenic.

Serianthes Benth.

1. Serianthes grandiflora Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 225; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 241; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 160. = Serianthes dilmyi Fosberg, Taxon 8 (1959) 65. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BATAN, BOHOL (photos), BORACAY (photos), DANJUGAN (photos), LUZON: Batangas, NCR, Quezon, MINDANAO, NEGROS, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIDANAO, TICAO. Notes: Beach forests and behind mangroves. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Sesbania Scop.

1. Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 7 (1806) 130; Pers., Syn. 2 (1807) 316; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 74; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 250; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 281; ≡ Aeschynomene cannabina Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5 (1788) 26. ≠ Sesbania aegyptiaca auct. non Poir.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 59; Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1877-83) t. 405. ≠ Sesbania aculeata auct. non (Schreb.) Pers.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 59; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 106; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 17. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas (photos), Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Maguindanao del Sur. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao; lowlands to medium elevation along streams, open wetlands, etc. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 7 (1806) 127; Blanco, Fl. Filip (1837) 599; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 418; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 399; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 60; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 23; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 17; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 75; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 250; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 181; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 281; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 71; ≡ Robinia grandiflora L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 722. Distribution: Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea. LUZON: Abra, MINDANAO: Lanao del Norte (photos). Notes: Planted in other tropical countries. Certainly an introduced plant in the Philippines. N Luzon to Mindanao; lowlands to medium elevation in the settled areas. Often planted. Naturalized.
3. Sesbania roxburghii Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 269; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 74; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 181; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 281. = Sesbania aculeata var. paludosa Baker, Fl. Brit. India 2 (1876) 115; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 59. Distribution: China, India, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan. LUZON: Laguna, Rizal. Notes: Along streams, in swamps, and in shallow water of lakes. Native.
4. Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 235; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 250; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 282; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 72; ≡ Aeschynomene sesban L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 714. Distribution: Pantropic. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. In open poorly-drained fields in the lowlands. Naturalized.

Possibly present

1. Sesbania javanica Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 288. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, ?Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. ?PALAWAN. Notes: P.B. Pelser (25-Apr-2024): Possibly represented in the Philippines by Podzorski SMHI 705 (L).
2. Sesbania speciosa Taub. ex Engl., Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894 (1894) 21. Distribution: Africa. Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Moody (1989) as a weed in rice, but no specimens cited. Probably naturalized if present.

Shuteria Wight & Arn.

1. Shuteria involucrata (Wall.) Wight & Arn. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 1 (1842) 761; Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 50 (1975) 305; ≡ Glycine involucrata Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3 (1831-1832) 22. = Shuteria vestita (Graham) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. (1834) 207; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 109; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 110; Merrill & Merritt, PJS 5c (1910) 354; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 304; ≡ Glycine vestita Graham, Numer. List (1831-1832) n.5512, nom. inval., nom. nud. Distribution: India to China. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Open slopes and in thickets associated with pine forests. 1300-2000m. Native.

Sindora Miq.

1. Sindora coriacea (Baker) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66 (1897) 206; De la Estrella et al., Nordic J. Bot. 25 (2007) 45; Choo & Ngo, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 238; ≡ Afzelia coriacea Baker, Fl. Brit. India 2 (1878) 275; Type: from Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Rizal. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Sindora inermis Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 314; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 256; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 700; Type: FB 23054 Ferraris (US, iso), Mindanao: Sarangani, Sarangani Bay, Sapu, near mangrove, 3-Oct-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, JOLO, LUZON: Camarines, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga, SIBUTU. Notes: Forest along the seashore and at low elevation inland. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
3. Sindora supa Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 198; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 256; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 706; Type: Merrill 2611 (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Pagbilao, May-1903. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT (photos), LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Cotabato, MINDORO. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. 5m (photos). Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
4. Sindora wallichii Benth., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 11 (1867) t.1017; De la Estrella et al., Nordic J. Bot. 25 (2007) 45; Choo & Ngo, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 250; Type: from Singapore. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra. LUZON: Quezon. Notes: 0-100(-300)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Smithia Aiton

1. Smithia ciliata Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. (Royle) 6 (1835) 201; Robinson, PJS 3c (1908) 184; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 77; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 283; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 444. Distribution: Himalayas, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Pine forest. 1100-2200m. Native.
2. Smithia conferta Sm., Cycl. 33 (1816) n.2; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 445. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Vietnam. MINDORO. Notes: Known from Occidental Mindoro from PNH 22478 Sulit. Native.
3. Smithia sensitiva Aiton, Hort. Kew., 1st Ed. 3 (1789) 496; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 283; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 444. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Albay, Benguet, La Union, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, MINDANAO: Lanao, Lanao del Sur, SAMAR. Notes: Open wet places, chiefly at medium elevation. (?-)2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Sohmaea H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

1. Sohmaea diffusa (DC.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 161; ≡ Desmodium diffusum DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 4 (1825) 100; Type: from India. ≠ Desmodium laxiflorum auct. non DC.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 286; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 252; Ohashi, Ginkgoana no. 1 (1973) 101 pro parte. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC. Native.
2. Sohmaea laxiflora (DC.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 162; ≡ Desmodium laxiflorum DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 4 (1825) 100; Prodr. 2 (1825) 335; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 42; Type: from Nepal. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BATAN, BOHOL (photos), JOLO, LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Laguna, Pampanga (photos), Rizal. Notes: In dry wastelands. 500-680m (photos). Native.
3. Sohmaea zonata (Miq.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 163; ≡ Desmodium zonatum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1855) 248; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 290; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 97; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 265; Ohashi, Ginkgoana no. 1 (1973) 107; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malaysia, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation thickets. Native.

Sophora L.

1. Sophora longipes Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 12; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 270; Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 17 (1948) 424; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 105; Type: BS 26765 Ramos (US, iso), Luzon: Batangas, Oct-1916. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines. GOLO, LUZON: Batangas. Notes: Low elevation, on slopes in an old clearing; on Golo in open thickets on ultramafic bluffs. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Sophora tomentosa L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 373; Blanco, Fl. Filip (1837) 328; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 229; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 63; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 69; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 23; Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 113; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 82; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 409; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 58; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 177; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 270; Niyomdham, Thai For. Bull. 13 (1980) 19; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; Cañeda et al., Davao Research J. 16 (2025) 91. ≠ Sophora heptaphylla auct. non L.; Blanco, Fl. Filip (1837) 329; Fl. Filip. 2 (1845) 229; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1879) 63; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 69. Distribution: HOMONHON, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), JOLO, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Sur, Quezon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Occidental, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PAMALICAN, POLILLO, SABTANG, SAMAL, SEMIRARA, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Pantropic strand plant. Widespread along the seashore throughout the Philippines. Locally abundant. Sea level. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Sophora velutina Lindl., Bot. Reg. 14 (1828) t.1185; Niyomdham, Thai For. Bull. 13 (1980) 19; Type: from Nepal. = Sophora philippinensis Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 449; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 270; Type: Vanoverbergh 2612 (US, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauco, Jan/May-1913. Distribution: China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Montane thickets. (?-)1200-1900m. Native.

Spatholobus Hassk.

1. Spatholobus apoensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 698; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 310; Ridder-Numan, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 181; Ridder-Numan, Blumea Suppl. 10 (1996) 98; Type: Elmer 11795 (BO, E, K, L, P, U). Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Forests. 1200m. Native.
2. Spatholobus ferrugineus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 238; Ridder-Numan, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 170; Ridder-Numan, Blumea Suppl. 10 (1996) 107; ≡ Drebbelia ferruginea Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 3 (1846) 79; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand. PALAWAN. Notes: 0-1000m. Native.
3. Spatholobus littoralis Hassk., Flora 25(Beibl.) (1842) 52; Ridder-Numan, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 177; Ridder-Numan, Blumea Suppl. 10 (1996) 98. = ?Derris leytensis Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 361; Ridder-Numan, Blumea Suppl. 10 (1996) 98. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, PANAY. Notes: 0-1100m. Native.
4. Spatholobus macropterus Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 303; Ridder-Numan, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 178; Type: from Sumatra. = Spatholobus palawanensis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 310; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 86; ≡ Derris palawanensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1800. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. PALAWAN. Notes: 0-1700m. Native.
5. Spatholobus maingayi Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66 (1897) 79; Ridder-Numan, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 180. = Spatholobus philippinensis Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 17; Type: FB 26841 Mabesa (K, P), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Maquiling, Jul-1917. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Laguna, Rizal. Notes: 0-800m. Native.
6. Spatholobus sanguineus Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 3087; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 310; Ridder-Numan, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 172; Ridder-Numan, Blumea Suppl. 10 (1996) 98; Type: Elmer 17560 (C, K, L, U, lecto). Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon. Native.

Possibly present

1. Spatholobus gyrocarpus Benth., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 238; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 63; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 110; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 87; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 119; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 310; Ridder-Numan, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 172; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 86; ≡ Butea gyrocarpa Graham, Numer. List (1831-1832) n.5442, nom. inval., nom. nud. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Rizal. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation forests. P.B. Pelser (22-Nov-19): Not listed for the Philippines by Ridder-Numan (1996). Records for the Philippines (Ridder-Numan 1985) possibly refer to Spatholobus sanguineus. Native.

Strongylodon B.Vogel

1. Strongylodon caeruleus Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 20; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 306; Huang, Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 90-8 (1991) 28; Type: Elmer 6097 (A, lecto; GH, K, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Sablan. = Strongylodon paucinervis Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 16; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 307; Type: BS 18858 McGregor (NY?, holo; BM, BO, L, US, iso), Biliran, Jun-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Rizal, SAMAR. Notes: Fl. Mar-Apr, Jun. Note: Huang also listed the locality Uyungan for Loher 5895 (K), without indicating what prov.; probably in the Sierra Madre near the tri-provincial borders of Rizal-Bulacan-Quezon. An entry “Oyongan R.(iver)” is cited in the Gazetteer of the Philippine Islands as 15-01.4’N, 121-21.2’E. In forests. 300-1200m. Native.
2. Strongylodon elmeri Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 20; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 306; Huang, Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 90-8 (1991) 38; Type: Elmer 6260 (K, lecto; GH, K, NY, P, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Sablan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Rizal. Notes: Fl. Feb-Apr; fr. Apr-May. Thickets and forests. (?-)1600m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
3. Strongylodon juangonzalezii Hadsall, Alejado & Cajano, PhytoKeys 73 (2016) 2; Type: Cajano & Alejado 7708 (CAHUP, holo; PNH, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Mulanay, Brgy Buenavista, Sitio Maglayaw, Buenavista Protected Landscape (BPL), 295m, 5-Feb-2015. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, Rizal (photos). Notes: 295m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Hadsall et al. 2016). Native.
4. Strongylodon loheri S.F.Huang, Wageningen Agr. Univ. Pap. 90 (1991) 40; Type: Loher 2304 (K, holo; US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, ?Mt Tonglon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Camarines Sur. Notes: Fl. Mar. Low elevation in Camarines Sur. (?-)1300-1900m. Native.
5. Strongylodon lucidus (G.Forst.) Seem., Fl. Vit. (1865) 61, as 'lucidum'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 306; Huang, Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 90-8 (1991) 43; ≡ Glycine lucida G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 51; Type: from Tahiti. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Indian Ocean, Java Sea, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi. BALABAC, BALUT, MINDANAO: Cotabato, PANAY. Notes: Forests and thickets along streams at low and medium elevation. Philippine plants belong to the ‘typical’ 'lucidus populations', one of three informal groupings distinguished by Huang. The other two are distributed in the Pacific islands. 0-1500m. Native.
6. Strongylodon macrobotrys A.Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. (1854) 448; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 307; Huang, Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 90-8 (1991) 52; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 102; Type: Rich s.n. (US, holo), Luzon: Laguna, mtns near Los Baños (Mt Makiling). = Strongylodon megaphyllus Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 16; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 307; Type: Loher 5935 (K, lecto; M, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Montalban. As pointed out by Merrill and Huang, this is a mixtum of different and unrelated plants. = Strongylodon warburgii Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 85. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDORO. Notes: Fl. Jan-Jun; fr. Nov-Dec. Damp forested ravines along streams. 110-1000m. DAO category: Endangered. Native.
7. Strongylodon pulcher C.B.Rob., PJS 3c (1908) 184; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 307; Huang, Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 90-8 (1991) 58; Paguntalan et al., Project Tawsi: Sulu Hornbill Project (2020) 40; Type: R.S. Williams 2362 (NY, holo; GH, K, MO, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Sax River. = Strongylodon agusanensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2738; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 306; Type: Elmer 13461 (NY, lecto; A, BM, BO, E, GH, K, L, MO, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Catangan Creek bed, 750ft, in wet stony soil, Aug-1912. = Strongylodon mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 696; Type: Elmer 11818 (NY, lecto; BM, BO, E, GH, L, MO, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo (Todaya), along Mainit Creek, scandent on lofty trees in humid forest, 4000ft. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Norte (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Fl. Feb-Mar, Aug-Sep; fr. Mar. Climbing in swampy forest near creeks, or forest edges along rivers. 80-1700m. Native.
8. Strongylodon zschokkei Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 307; Huang, Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 90-8 (1991) 60; Type: Elmer 8540 (K, lecto; BO, E, GH, L, LE, NY, US, isolecto), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio. Limestone sinks between Baguio and Irisan, 4750ft, Mar-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ilocos Norte (photos), Quezon. Notes: Thickets about limestone boulders and cliffs and along creeks. 1448m. Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Strongylodon crassifolius Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 85; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 306; Huang, Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 90-8 (1991) 63. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. Native.

Stylosanthes Sw. (Not native)

1. Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 10 (1789) 296; ≡ Trifolium guianense Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane (1775) 776. Distribution: C & S America. LUZON: Abra (photos), Cagayan, Rizal (photos), Zambales, PANAY. Notes: Naturalized in secondary forest. 800m (photos). Naturalized.
2. Stylosanthes humilis Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (H.B.K.), quarto Ed. 6 (1824) 506; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 449. Distribution: America. CEBU, LUZON: Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos). Notes: Introduced in the Philippines as a cover crop. Naturalized.

Sympetalandra Stapf

1. Sympetalandra densiflora (Elmer) Steenis, Blumea 22 (1975) 165; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 711; ≡ Erythrophleum densiflorum (Elmer) Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 267; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 35; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 253; Meeuwen, Blumea 18 (1970) 31; ≡ Cynometra densiflora Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 222; Type: Elmer 9014 (L, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, in humid woods at 500m near Sampaloc, May-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Lanao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Forests. Fl. Apr-May; fr. Jul. 0-500m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
2. Sympetalandra unijuga (Airy Shaw) Steenis, Blumea 22 (1975) 163; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 713; ≡ Erythrophleum unijugum Airy Shaw, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939 (1939) 180; Type: from Sabah. ≠ Erythrophleum densiflorum auct. non (Elmer) Merr.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 253. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Aurora (photos). Notes: 0-600m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Tadehagi H.Ohashi

1. Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H.Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1 (1973) 290; ≡ Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 326; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 262; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 240; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 290; ≡ Hedysarum triquetrum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 746. Distribution: CULION, LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Mountain Province, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: 400m. Native.
   • ssp. triquetrum. Distribution: Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indochina, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan. CULION, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, PALAWAN. Notes: Throughout Malesia; lowland and medium elevation thickets. Native.
   • ssp. auriculatum (DC.) H.Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1 (1973) 293; ≡ Desmodium auriculatum DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 3 (1828) 326; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 284. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Malesia, Myanmar. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation grasslands. Native.
   • ssp. pseudotriquetrum (DC.) H.Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1 (1973) 295; ≡ Desmodium triquetrum ssp. pseudotriquetrum (DC.) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66(2) (1897) 390; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 263; ≡ Desmodium pseudotriquetrum DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 4 (1825) 100; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 87; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 288. Distribution: China, India, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Rizal. Notes: Medium elevation dry, open grassy slopes. Native.

Tamarindus L. (Not native)

1. Tamarindus indica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 34; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 29; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 20; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 1 (1877) 39; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 71; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 118; Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 24; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 40; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 235; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 179; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 257; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 728; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 728. Distribution: MINDORO (photos). Notes: Perhaps indigenous in Africa. Widely cultivated all over the tropics. Throughout the settled areas of the Philippines, of prehistoric introduction. Tamarind, Sampalok. Naturalized.

Tateishia H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

1. Tateishia bolsteri (Merr. & Rolfe) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93 (2018) 388; ≡ Desmodium bolsteri Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 102; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 83; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 284; Meeuwen, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 250; Ohashi, Ginkgoana No. 1 (1973) 250; Type: BS 76896 Ramos (NY), Luzon: Cagayan, Peñablanca, bank of the river in forest. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Nueva Ecija. Notes: Lowlands, on boulders along streams on slopes, etc. Apparently very local. Native.

Tephrosia Pers.

1. Tephrosia candida DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 249; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 278; Bosman & de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 445; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 57; ≡ Robinia candida Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 327; Hort. Beng. (1814) 56, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Type: from India. Distribution: India. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Introduced, cultivated and naturalized in the Philippines. Introduced as green manure crop. Naturalized.
2. Tephrosia luzoniensis Vogel, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1) (1843) 15; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 59; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. 1 (1904) 17; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 69; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 277; Bosman & de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 452; Type: Meyen s.n. (B, lost), Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 499 (L, neo; BM, BO, K, US, isoneo). ≠ Tephrosia dichotoma auct. non Desv.; Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 69; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 244; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 180; EPFP 2 (1923) 277; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 59. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Rizal, Tarlac, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Open dry grasslands, waste places, roadsides, etc. on various types of soils, lowlands to medium elevation. 0-500m. Native.
3. Tephrosia noctiflora Bojer ex Baker, Fl. Trop. Afr. (Oliver et al.) 2 (1871) 112; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 594; Bosman & de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 458; Type: from Zanzibar. = Tephrosia hookeriana Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. (1834) 212; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 278. Distribution: Africa, India, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, S America. JOLO. Notes: Naturalized in many parts of Malesia including the Philippines. In waste places. Naturalized.
4. Tephrosia obovata Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 69; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 278; Bosman & de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 460; Type: FB 16939 Curran (K, lecto; US, isolecto), Palaui Is. (off NE tip of Luzon, Cagayan), Mar-1909. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, PALAUI. Notes: Low elevation, dry open places. Native.
5. Tephrosia pumila (Lam.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Pers.) 2 (1807) 330; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 594; Bosman & de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 463; ≡ Galega pumila Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1788) 599; Type: from Madagascar. = Tephrosia dichotoma Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 1st Sér. 9 (1826) 415; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 277; Type: Desvaux s.n., (P; K photo), Philippines, left hand specimen. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Borneo, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Middle East, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Zambales. Notes: 0-800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. pumila. Distribution: LUZON: Zambales. Notes: 0-800m. Native.
6. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Pers.) 2 (1807) 329; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. 1 (1904) 17; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 68; Interpet. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 264; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 278; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 594; Bosman & de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 464; ≡ Galega purpurea L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1063; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Batangas, Cavite, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Misamis, MINDORO. Notes: 0-1300m. Native.
   • ssp. purpurea. Distribution: ?India, ?Java. LUZON: Batangas, Cavite, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Misamis. Notes: Now pantropic in distribution. Lowland grasslands and open wastelands. 0-1300m. Native.
   • ssp. barbigera Bosman & A.J.P.de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 467; Type: Cuming 601 (MEL), Philippines. Notes: 10-1220m. Native.
     • var. barbigera. Distribution: Australia, New Guinea, Philippines. Native.
7. Tephrosia vestita Vogel, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1) (1843) 15; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 68; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 278; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 595; Bosman & de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 473; Type: Meyen s.n., (B, lost). Distribution: Cambodia, China, Java, Laos, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, LUZON: Batangas, Nueva Ecija, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, Misamis, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets. 0-800m. Native.
8. Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f., Niger Fl. (1849) 296; Bosman & de Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 478; Type: from Niger. Distribution: Africa. Naturalized.

Teramnus P.Browne

1. Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., 16th Ed. 3 (1826) 235; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 63; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 109; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 84; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 110; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 257; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 305; ≡ Glycine labialis L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 325. Distribution: BALABAC, BASILAN, BOHOL, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO, MINDORO. Native.
   • ssp. labialis; Verdcourt, Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 267. = Teramnus angustifolius Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 83; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 305; Type: Vanoverbergh 716, Luzon: Bontoc Subprov, Bauco, 28-Jul-1910. Distribution: Pantropic. BOHOL, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO, MINDORO. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Thickets, waste places, etc., at low and medium elevation in the settled areas. Native.

Teyleria Backer

1. Teyleria tetragona (Merr.) J.A.Lackey ex Maesen, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 85 (1986) 119; ≡ Pueraria tetragona Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 312; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 312; Type: BS 295 Bermejos (PNH, holo; NY, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, near Puerto Princesa, Jan-1906. Distribution: China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland old clearings. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Ticanto Adans.

1. Ticanto crista (L.) R.Clark & Gagnon, PhytoKeys 205 (2022) 70; ≡ Caesalpinia crista L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 380; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 232; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 266, excl. syn. Guilandina bonduc L.; Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 20; Ding Hou et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1996) 542; Type: from Sri Lanka. = Caesalpinia nuga (L.) W.T.Aiton, Hort. Kew., 2nd Ed. 3 (1811) 32; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 54; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 232; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 267; ≡ Guilandina nuga L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1762) 546; Type: from Ambon. = Caesalpinia laevigata Perr., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3 (1825) 104; Type: Perrottet s.n., Philippines. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. BALABAC, CALAYAN, CORON, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, NCR, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, PONEAS, SABTANG, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Coastal thickets, tidal swamps, sandy beaches, in and behind the sandy parts of mangroves, etc. 0-350m. Native.

Trifidacanthus Merr.

1. Trifidacanthus unifoliolatus Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 269; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 292; ≡ Desmodium unifoliolatum (Merr.) Steenis, Reinwardtia 10 (1982) 24; Type: BS 27196 Ramos (US, iso), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Burgos, Feb/Mar-1917. Distribution: China, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Vietnam. LUZON: Batangas, Ilocos Norte, MINDANAO: Sarangani (photos). Notes: Lowland dry thickets. Native.

Trifolium L. (Not native)

1. Trifolium repens L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 767. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Continental Asia, Europe, India, Middle East, Nepal, Pakistan, W Asia. LUZON. Notes: Introduced purposely or casually in the mountains of Luzon. Naturalized.

Uraria Desv.

1. Uraria crinita (L.) Desv. ex DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 324; ≡ Hedysarum crinitum L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 102. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. BATANES, LUZON: Ifugao, Kalinga, MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), SABTANG (photos). Notes: 300m (photos). Native.
2. Uraria lagopodioides (L.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 324, as 'lagopoides'; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4 (1826) 309; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 242; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 293; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 451; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 50; ≡ Hedysarum lagopodioides L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1198. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, China, India, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls. BOHOL, CEBU, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Kalinga (photos), Laguna, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: From N Luzon to Mindanao; open grasslands at low and medium elevation, often abundant. 800-1000m (photos). Native.
3. Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 2 (1825) 324; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 293; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 452; ≡ Hedysarum pictum Jacq., Collectanea (Jacquin) 2 (1788) 262. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental (photos), MINDORO. Notes: From N Luzon to Mindanao; occasional in open grasslands and thickets at low and medium elevation. 800m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Vachellia Wight & Arn. (Not native)

1. Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1 (1834) 272; ≡ Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1805) 1083; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 249; Pedley, Austrobaileya 1 (1979) 102; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 44; ≡ Mimosa farnesiana L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 521; Blanco, Fl. Filip. 1 (1837) 729. Distribution: America. BALABAC. Notes: Naturalized, scattered in open grasslands, thickets, waste grounds, etc. Especially common in regions with long dry season. Fl. throughout the year. 0-400m. Naturalized.

Vigna Savi

1. Vigna dalzelliana (Kuntze) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 558; Maréchal et al., Boissiera 28 (1978) 216; ≡ Phaseolus dalzellianus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 202. Distribution: Cambodia, India, Laos, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand. LUZON: Benguet. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Vigna glabrescens Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier, Taxon 27 (1978) 201; Maréchal et al., Boissiera 28 (1978) 212. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam. Native.
3. Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 15(1) (1859) 194; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 319; ≡ Dolichos luteolus Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1 (1770) 39. Distribution: Pantropic. LUZON: NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Sur. Notes: Thickets or grasslands. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 285; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 320; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; ≡ Phaseolus marinus Burm., Auctuarium (1755) 16. Distribution: BALABAC, BATAN, BOAAN, BORACAY (photos), CORON, HOMONHON, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Isabela, Quezon, MANGSEE, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Occidental, Sultan Kudarat (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Pantropic strand plant. Throughout the Philippines along the seashore. Sea level. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Vigna minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 44 (1969) 30; ≡ Phaseolus minimus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 290; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 132; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 261; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 319. Distribution: China, Philippines. CEBU, LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. Lowland and medium elevation grasslands; widely scattered. 680m (photos). Native.
6. Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, Kew Bull. 11 (1956) 128; ≡ Phaseolus mungo L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 101; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 318. Distribution: India, Pakistan. Notes: Cultivated throughout the Philippines, but not a native of the archipelago. Scarcely naturalized. Naturalized.
7. Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek, Fl. Congo Belge 6 (1954) 386; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 114; ≡ Phaseolus radiatus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 725; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 132; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 318; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 114. = Phaseolus aureus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 297; Hort. Beng. (1814) 55, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 318. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. CEBU, LUZON: Batangas, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Naturalized.
   • var. radiata. Distribution: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Pakistan. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Notes: Now pantropic in cultivation. Extensively grown in the Philippines, scarcely spontaneous. Mung bean. Munggo. Naturalized.
   • var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 559; ≡ Phaseolus sublobatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 288; Hort. Beng. (1814) 54, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, PJS 5c (1910) 133; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 319. = Phaseolus trinervius B.Heyne ex Wall., Numer. List (1831-1832) n.5603, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 65. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. CEBU, LUZON: Laguna, Mountain Province, Rizal, MINDANAO. Notes: Grasslands, waste places, etc., occasional; sometimes planted. Naturalized.
8. Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 44 (1969) 31; ≡ Dolichos umbellatus Thunb., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 2 (1794) 339. = Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 289; Hort. Beng. (1814) 54, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 318. Distribution: India to China, Japan, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Vietnam. BABUYAN ISLS, BALABAC, BASILAN, BOHOL, LUZON: Mountain Province, NCR, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Misamis Oriental (photos), PALAWAN, POLILLO, SIASI. Notes: N Luzon to Babuyan Isls to Mindanao and Palawan. Open grasslands and thickets. Some forms cultivated. 1200m (photos). Native.

Possibly present

1. Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 44 (1969) 29; ≡ Dolichos angularis Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 3 (1802) 1051. Distribution: C America, China, India, ?Philippines, Vietnam.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 1 (1842) 799; ≡ Dolichos unguiculatus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 725. = Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) (1844) 279; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 320; ≡ Dolichos sinensis L., Cent. Pl. II (1756) 28. Notes: Cultivated in all tropical and warm-temperate countries. Widely grown in the Philippines. Cowpea. Cultivated, not naturalized.
   • ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc., Fl. Turkey 3 (1970) 266; Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 544; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 114; ≡ Dolichos sesquipedalis L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1019. Notes: Probably a native of China. Cultivated pantropically. Widely cultivated in the Philippines for its edible pods and beans. Yardlong bean; sitaw. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Wallaceodendron Koord.

1. Wallaceodendron celebicum Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 446; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 245; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 164. = Pithecellobium williamsii Elmer, LPB 1 (1907) 223; Type: Elmer 8833 (L, NY, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, on a ridge of the Sablan canyon, Mar-1907. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. BORACAY (photos), BURIAS, CALAYAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CEBU, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, MASBATE, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: Lowland forests, especially near the seashore, but also inland to a considerable elevation. 0-850m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.

Whitfordiodendron Elmer

1. Whitfordiodendron scandens Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 743; Dunn, Kew Bull. (1912) 364; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 280; ≡ Callerya scandens (Elmer) Schot, Blumea 39 (1994) 31; ≡ Whitfordia scandens Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 689, nom. illeg.; Type: Elmer 12259. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Whitfordia is a nom. illeg. because it is a genus of fungi. Low and medium elevation forests. Native.

Zapoteca H.M.Hern. (Not native)

1. Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M.Hern., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73 (1987) 758; ≡ Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth., London J. Bot. 3 (1844) 99; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 554; Nielsen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1992) 212; Rojo, Rev. Lexicon Philip. Trees (1999) 255; ≡ Mimosa portoricensis Jacq., Collectanea (Jacquin) 4 (1791) 143. Distribution: C America, Caribbean, S America. Notes: Cultivated as an ornamental. Naturalized? Naturalized.

Zornia J.F.Gmel.

1. Zornia gibbosa Span., Linnaea 15 (1841) 192; Mohlenbrock, Webbia 16 (1962) 652. = Zornia cantoniensis Mohlenbr., Webbia 16 (1961) 124; Webbia 16 (1962) 653. = Lupinus angustifolius Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 566. = Smithia bigeminata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 395; Fl. Filip. 3, 2 (1878) 362. ≠ Zornia diphylla auct. non (L.) Pers.; Merrill, Fl. Manila (1912) 238; EPFP 2 (1923) 283; Meeuwen et al., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 453; ?Moody, Weeds reported in rice in South and Southeast Asia (1989) 297. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales. Notes: An example of a class of plants which, though not absent under everwet climatic conditions favors those areas which are subject to a dry period. In N and C Luzon; in open dry grasslands in the settled areas at low and medium elevation, with all the appearance of an introduced species. 0m. Native.