Achyrospermum Blume

1. Achyrospermum densiflorum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 840; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 412; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 23; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 328. India, Hainan, Malesia, Philippines. Photos

Acrocephalus Benth. = Platostoma

Ajuga L.

1. Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 108. --Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 59, nom. superfl.; --Wall., Cat. 1829, no. 2032, nom. nud.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 408; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 31; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 31. Afghanistan through continental SE Asia (India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, S China), Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, Philippines, Talaud Isls, N & E Sulawesi, Moluccas (Ternate; Halmahera), W New Guinea (Jappen Is). BATAN, LUZON, MINDANAO. Photos
2. Ajuga taiwanensis Nakai ex Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 23 (1968) 23. Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Philippines. Photos

Anisomeles R.Br.

1. Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 512, incl. forma albiflora (Hassk.) Kuntze, forma rubicunda Kuntze; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 411; EPFP 3 (1923) 412; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 34; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 329; --Nepeta indica L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 571. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.

Basilicum Moench

1. Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench, Suppl. Meth. Pl. (1802) 143; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 39; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 366; --Moschosma polystachyum (L.) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830-31) 13; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 421; --Ocimum polystachyon L., Mant. Pl. 2 (1771) 567. --Moschosma tenuiflora Heynh., Nomen. 1 (1840) 532; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 421. Africa, Indian Ocean, tropical and subtropical Asia to N Australia, Philippines. Photos

Calamintha Mill. = Satureja

Callicarpa L.

1. Callicarpa albidotomentella Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 300; EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: BS 26976 Ramos (K, lecto; A, isolecto), Luzon: Abra prov., Mt. Posuey, along small streams in forests, c. 120m, 5-Feb-1917. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra. Lowland forests along streams. Only known from type (Bramley 2013). Conservation status: Data Deficient (Bramley 2013).
2. Callicarpa angusta Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 643; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: Cuming 1425 (K, lecto; BM, NY, P, isolecto), Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov, 1841. --Callicarpa erioclona Schauer in DC. forma rivularis (Merr.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 19; --Callicarpa rivularis Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 340; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: BS 660 Foxworthy (US, lecto), Palawan: Palawan prov., Mt Victoria, on rocky riverbanks, c. 1150m, 23-Mar-1906. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Zambales (Subic), Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal (Bosoboso), MINDORO: Mindoro Occidental (Tubili), PALAWAN. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013).
3. Callicarpa apoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 861; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: Elmer 11491 (GH, lecto; BM, BO, GH, NY, Z, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. MINDANAO: Davao. Forests, c. 1750m. Endemic to the Philippines. Conservation status: Endangered B1 (a,biii), B2 (a,biii) (Bramley 2013). Photos
4. Callicarpa arborea Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., I (1820) 405; Hort. Bengal. 10 (1814), nom. nud.; Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, 1 (1832) 390. --Callicarpa magna Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 641; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 386. --Callicarpa arborea Roxb. var. psilocalyx (H.J.Lam) Moldenke, Phytologia 4 (1952) 125. --Callicarpa tomentosa var. magna (Schauer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 3, 3 (1921) 22; --Callicarpa magna Schauer in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 11 (1847) 641; --Type: Cuming 1266 (K, lecto; BM, E, K, MICH, MO, isolecto), Luzon: Albay (Cagayan). Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, SAMAR, PALAWAN, MINDANAO. Chiefly in lowland and medium elevation secondary forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013).
5. Callicarpa basilanensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 263; EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: FB 6124 Hutchinson (NY, lecto; K, US, isolecto), Jul-1906. Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Misamis Occidental. Chiefly in lowland secondary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable B2 (a,biii) (Bramley 2013).
6. Callicarpa bicolor Juss., Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806) 77; --Type: from New Britain. --Callicarpa bicolor Juss. var. bermejosi Moldenke, Phytologia 14 (1967) 398; --Type: BS 1534 J. Bermejos (US, holo; NY, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Bulalacao. --Callicarpa bicolor Juss. var. subintegrifolia Moldenke, Phytologia 15 (1967) 399; --Type: PNH 39880 J. Ramos (US, holo), Luzon: Laguna prov., Pangil, 27-May-1959. --Callicarpa cana auct. non L.; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 401; EPFP 3 (1923) 382. --Callicarpa candicans auct. non (Burm.f.) Hochr. Papua New Guinea (New Britain), Philippines. MINDORO, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, ROMBLON, PALAWAN, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Misamis Oriental, Davao, Lanao del Norte, Surigao del Norte. Open areas, thickets or disturbed. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013). Photos
7. Callicarpa caudata Maxim., Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 31 (1887) 76; --Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 299; PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 381; EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 862; --Type: Cuming 1095 (LE, holo; K, NY, iso), Luzon: Albay prov. --Callicarpa stenophylla Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 380; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Type: BS 5739 Ramos (K, lecto), Luzon: Benguet prov., Sablan River near Baguio, Dec-1908. --Callicarpa merrillii Moldenke, Bull Torrey Bot. Club (1932) 55; --Callicarpa lancifolia Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) 70, nom. illeg.; --Type: BS 11078 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost), Cebu, Mar-1912; R.S. Williams 2307 (NY, lecto; A, K, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Zamboanga, 25-Feb-1905. New Guinea, Australia, Moluccas, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur (Mt Malaya), Mountain Province, Laguna, Benguet (Mt Pulag; Sablan River), Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Masbate, Rizal, Albay, Zambales, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), BOHOL, NEGROS, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental, Bukidnon, Davao, Surigao, Zamboanga. Forest, disturbed area, grasslands, up to 2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013).
8. Callicarpa denticulata Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 430; EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Type: BS 3622 E. Fenix (K, lecto), Batan: Basco, 30-May-1907. Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN (Basco), CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES. Low elevation thickets, open slopes. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Bramley 2013).
9. Callicarpa dolichophylla Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 339; EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Type: Cuming 1330 (K, lecto; A, K, NY, isolecto), Luzon: Cagayan, 1841. --Callicarpa longissima (Hemsl.) Merr., PJS 12 (1917) 108; --Callicarpa longifolia var. longissima Hemsl., PJS (1890) Bot. 253; --Type: from China. Southern China, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya (Mt Umugum), Bulacan, Rizal (Bosoboso). Lowland or medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013).
10. Callicarpa erioclona Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 643; --Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 158; --S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 134; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 208; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 121; EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 866; --Type: Cuming 911 (G, lecto; BM, E, G, NY, P, TCD, isolecto), Luzon: Albay prov. --Callicarpa subcandila Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3798; --Type: Elmer 15124 (NY, lecto; BM, isolecto), Luzon: Irosin, Mt Bulusan. Borneo (Sabah only), Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland, Vietnam. LUZON (Cagayan to Sorsogon), MINDORO, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, CEBU, LEYTE, BOHOL, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Agusan Norte, Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Davao, PALAWAN. Lowland primary and secondary forests, often rather common. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013).
11. Callicarpa fasciculiflora Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Type: BS 35123 Ramos & Pascasio (A, lecto; K, P, isolecto), Bucas Grande: Jun-1919. Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE. Low elevation open forests. Only known from type (Bramley 2013). Conservation status: Data Deficient (Bramley 2013).
12. Callicarpa flavida Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 863; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Geunsia flavida (Elmer) H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 38; --Type: Elmer 11851 (K, lecto; BM, E, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya, Mt Apo. --Callicarpa epiphytica Elmer, LPB 10 (1915) 2871; --Geunsia epiphytica (Elmer) H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 38; --Type: Elmer 13822 (K, lecto; C, E, NY, CAS, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. --Geunsia epiphytica Elmer var. apiculata H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 39; --Type: Elmer 3861 (K, lecto; BM, E, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Sep-1912. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan del Norte, DINAGAT. Lowland forests on Dinagat, in Mindanao on mountains 1200-1500m. Conservation status: Not Threatened (Bramley 2013).
13. Callicarpa longifolia Lam., Encycl. 1 (1785) 563; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 385; --Type: from Malaysia. --Callicarpa attenuatifolia Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2870; --Type: Elmer 13536 (BISH, GH, K, NA, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, in rich humid soil of an open grassy place on Mt Giwantawan at 3000ft elevation, Aug-1912. --Callicarpa nigrescens Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 425; --Type: BS 44297 Ramos & Edaño (K, lecto; NY, US, isolecto), Tawi-tawi, in secondary forests at low elevations, Jul/Aug-1924. India, Indochina, Malesia, N. Australia, Philippines. LUZON: La Union, Apayao, Quezon, POLILLO, MINDORO, CATANDUANES, MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga, Davao, Surigao, TAWI-TAWI. Low elevation secondary forest, 0-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013). Photos
14. Callicarpa longipetiolata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 47; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) L. var. longipetiolata (Merr.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg sér. III, 3 (1921) 22; --Type: Elmer 6266 (K, lecto; NY, isolecto), Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt. Sto Tomas, May-1904. --Callicarpa longipetiolata Merr. var glabrescens Moldenke, Phytologia 4 (1952) 43; --Type: Vanoverbergh 1376 (U, holo; NY, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, 20-Jun-1914. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Thickets bordering pine forests, 1600-2000m. Conservation status: Endangered B2ab(iii) (Bramley 2013). Photos
15. Callicarpa magnifolia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 437; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: BS 37563 Ramos & Edaño (US, lecto; K, isolecto), Luzon: Kalinga prov., Lubuagan, Mt Masingit, Feb-1920. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Kalinga. Forests, c. 1200m. Only known from type (Bramley 2013). Conservation status: Data Deficient (Bramley 2013).
16. Callicarpa micrantha S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 187; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: Vidal 1641 (K, lecto; MA, isolecto), Abra. --Callicarpa elegans Hayek in Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 33 (1906) 88; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Type: Cuming 1460 (W, holo; K, NY, iso), Luzon: Camarines Sur prov. --Callicarpa phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 301; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: BS 26233 Ramos & Edaño (NY, lecto; K, isolecto), Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan (Mingan), in open places along streams, c. 50m, 8-Aug-1916. Philippines, Palau. BATAAN, LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Rizal, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Tayabas, Pangasinan, Camarines Sur, ROMBLON, SIBUYAN, LEYTE, PANAY, SIBUYAN, BOHOL, MINDORO: Mindoro Occidental, MINDANAO: Davao. Lowland open places along streams, 200-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013). Photos
17. Callicarpa pachyclada Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 195; --Type: BS 45640 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; A, B, BM, BO, NY, UC, US, isolecto), Luzon: Quirino prov., Mt Alzapan, on forested slopes, c. 1600m, 24-May-1925. Endemic to the Philippines. ?SAMAR, LUZON: Quirino (Mt Alzapan), Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela. Montane forests, c. 1600m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Bramley 2013).
18. Callicarpa paloensis Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 336; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Callicarpa pentandra var. paloensis (Elmer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 14; --Geunsia paloensis (Elmer) H.J.Lam ex. Moldenke, Phytologia 50 (1950) 361; --Type: Elmer 7370 (K, lecto; BO, GH, NY, isolecto), Leyte: Palo, Jan-1906. --Callicarpa sorsogonensis Elmer ex Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 22; --Type: Elmer 16939 (NA, K, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Aug-1916. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Sorsogon, LEYTE. Forests, c. 300m. Conservation status: Not Threatened (Bramley 2013). Photos
19. Callicarpa pedunculata R.Br., Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae (1810) 513; --Type: from Australia. --Callicarpa formosana Rolfe, J. Bot. 20 (1882) 358; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 385; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 406; --Type: from Taiwan. --Callicarpa blancoi Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 401. --Callicarpa ovata C.B.Rob., PJS c 3(1908) 215; --Type: R.S. Williams 2577 (NY, lecto; NY, US, isolecto), Mindanao, Davao, Darong, 9-Apr-1905. --Callicarpa obtusifolia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 451; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: BS 32921 Ramos (K, lecto; A, isolecto), Luzon: Ilocos Norte prov., Burgos, Jul-1918. China, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Okinawa, New Guinea, Australia, Philippines. Throughout the archipelago. Secondary and primary forest, grasslands. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013). Photos
20. Callicarpa pentandra Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 395; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Geunsia pentandra (Roxb.) Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 309; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 305; --Type: from Indonesia. --Guensia farinosa Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 12; --Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. forma farinosa (Blume) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 13; --Type: from Indonesia. --Callicarpa cumingiana Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 644; --Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 158; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Geunsia cumingiana (Schauer) Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315; --S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 133; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 207; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 343; --Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. var. cumingiana (Schauer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 16; --Type: Cuming 1707 (K, lecto; P, isolecto), Philippines. --Callicarpa affinis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 864; --Type: --Elmer 11102 (K, lecto; GH, L, NY, US; isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, shrubberies near the sea coast, Jun-1909. --Geunsia hookeri Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 342; --Type: Cuming 1773 (K, lecto; GH, K, L, isolecto), Cebu. --Callicarpa weberi Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 298; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Type: Weber 68 (A, lecto), Bancalan Island (between Palawan and Balabac), 6m, 26-Sep-1916. --Callicarpa longivillosa Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: BS 34538 Ramos & Pascasio (K, lecto; BM, BO, L, isolecto), Mindanao: Surigao del Norte prov., Apr-1919. --Geunsia cumingiana (Schauer) Rolfe var. pentamera H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 36; --Type: Com. d.l. Fl. for. no 844 (syn), Philippines, Daraga, and from New Guinea. Java, Ambon, Thailand, Malaysia (Peninsular), New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. NEGROS, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, JOLO, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur (Tetuan), Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang), Davao (Mt Apo), SIARGAO, BUCAS GRANDE, LUZON: Albay, Rizal, Sorsogon, POLILLO, PANAY, LEYTE: Leyte (Palo), SAMAR, PALAWAN. Lowland and medium elevation secondary forests, ascending to 1700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Bramley 2013).
21. Callicarpa platyphylla Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 57; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: FB 26967 Velasco (A, US, lecto; US, isolecto), Luzon: Cagayan prov., Jul-Aug 1917. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, POLILLO. Lowland forests. Conservation status: Not Threatened (Bramley 2013).
22. Callicarpa plumosa Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 196; --Type: BS 46928 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; A, B, BM, BO, NY, UC, US, isolecto), Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano, along forested streams, c. 400m, 15-Mar-1926. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano). Forested streams, c. 400m. Only known from type collection (Bramley 2013). Conservation status: Data Deficient (Bramley 2013).
23. Callicarpa ramiflora Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 262; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: M.S. Clemens 1167 (US, lecto), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Sep-1907. --Callicarpa cauliflora Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 338; EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Type: FB 9321 Whitford & Hutchinson (US, lecto), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Port Banga, canyons in forest, c. 20m, 13-Jan-1908. Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, ?NEGROS (photos), SAMAR. Low and medium elevation forests, to 700m. Conservation status: Not Threatened (Bramley 2013). Photos
24. Callicarpa subalbida Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 337; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Callicarpa erioclona Schauer var. subalbida (Elmer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3(1921) 19; --Type: Elmer 9184 (K, lecto; A, NY, US, Z, isolecto), Luzon: Quezon prov., Lucban, May-1907. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, POLILLO, MINDORO. Low and medium elevation forests along streams. Conservation status: Vulnerable B1a,biii; B2,a,biii (Bramley 2013).
25. Callicarpa subglandulosa Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 513; --Type: Elmer 9739 (K, lecto; BO, GH, US, Z, isolecto), Negros, Cuernos Mts, Dumaguete, Apr-1908. --Callicarpa megalantha Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 71; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: BS 49387 McGregor (US, iso, lost), Luzon: Ifugao prov., Mt. Polis, Feb-1913; --Type: M. Ramos & G. Edaño Bur. Sci. 37718 (K, neo; A, isoneo), Luzon, Ifugao, Mt Polis, Feb-1920. Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, NEGROS. Conservation status: Not Threatened (Bramley 2013). Photos
26. Callicarpa subintegra Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 299; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Type: BS 26619 Ramos & Edaño (K, lecto; A, BO, NY, US, isolecto), Luzon: Aurora prov., Mt. Dingalan, on dry slopes, c. 200m, 25-Aug-1916. --Callicarpa ramosii (Moldenke) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3 (1999) 12; --Geunsia ramosii Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 10; --Type: BS 33838 Ramos & Edaño (NY, holo), Luzon: Camarines Sur prov., Mt Bagacay, Nov/Dec-1918. --Callicarpa subintegra Merr. var. parva Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) 300; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Type: BS 26465 Ramos & Edaño (K, lecto; A, NY, US, isolecto), Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan, on forested slopes, c. 350m, 13-Aug-1916. --Callicarpa ramosii (Moldenke) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3 (1999) 12; --Geunsia ramosii Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 10; --Type: BS 33838 Ramos & Edaño (NY, holo), Luzon: Camarines Sur prov., Mt Bagacay, Nov/Dec-1918. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Sur, Irid, Nueva Ecija. Forests, 300-600m. Conservation status: Vulnerable B1a,biii; B2a,biii (Bramley 2013).
27. Callicarpa surigaensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 262; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. var. cumingiana (Schauer) Bakh. forma surigaensis (Merr.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 16; --Type: Ahern 318 (BO, lecto; BO, US, isolecto), May-1901. --Callicarpa longivillosa Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: BS 34538 Ramos & Pascasio (L, iso), Mindanao: Surigao del Norte prov., Apr-1919. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, SAMAR. Lowland primary forests, also along streams. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Bramley 2013). Photos

Cantinoa Harley & J.F.B.Pastore [Not native]

1. Cantinoa americana (Aubl.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore, Phytotaxa 58 (2012) 9; --Nepeta americana Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2 (1775) 623. --Hyptis spicigera Lam., Encycl. 3 (1789) 185; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 409; EPFP 3 (1923) 417; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 95; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 371. Native of the Neotropics.

Clerodendron = Clerodendrum

Clerodendrum L.

1. Clerodendrum apayaoense Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 343; --Type: Vanoverbergh 17592 (NY, iso), Luzon: Apayao prov., Allokapan. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (Allokapan). In forest, c. 50m. Known only from the type.
2. Clerodendrum brachyanthum Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 668; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 400. Moluccas, New Guinea, Sulawesi, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan. Chiefly in lowland to medium elevation secondary forests. Often common. Photos
3. Clerodendrum calamitosum L., Mant. 1 (1767) 90; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 403; EPFP 3 (1923) 400; --Type: from Java. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java. LUZON: La Union, Pangasinan, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Tayabas, Bataan, Rizal, Camarines, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Not native. Chiefly in cultivation for ornamental purposes, occasional in waste places about towns. Photos
4. Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb., Pl. Book (1989) repr. ed. 707; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 416; --Cryptanthus chinensis Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa (1757) 215; --Type: from China. --Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 667; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401; --Type: Cuming 1096 (GH, iso), Philippines. --Clerodendrum fragrans Vent., Jard. Malm. 2 (1804) t. 70; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 401. China to C Malesia, now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical Asia. Naturalized in S US and pantropically. According to Howard & Powel, Taxon 17 (1968) 53, Clerodendrum fragrans is an illegitimate name.
5. Clerodendrum cordatum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 103. S China to tropical Asia, ?Philippines.
6. Clerodendrum cumingianum Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 666; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401; --Type: Cuming 1760. Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lowland secondary forests along streams.
7. Clerodendrum elliptifolium Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 341; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401; --Type: BS 14463 Ramos (PNH, holo, ?lost), Camiguin: Panatayum, in thickets, 20-Mar-1912. Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN. Lowland clearings and thickets. Photos
8. Clerodendrum flavum Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 424; --Type: BS 43899 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, ?lost; UC, iso), Jolo: Mt Daho (Bud Dajo), in forests along small streams near the summit, c. 700m, Sep-1924. Endemic to the Philippines. JOLO (Mt Dajo). Forest along small streams near the summit, c. 700m.
9. Clerodendrum fortunatum L., Cent. Pl. II (1756) 23. China, Vietnam, Java, Philippines?
   
10. Clerodendrum intermedium Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 105; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 402; --Type: Cuming 401 (L) or Chamisso s.n. (LE, holo), ?Luzon. Taiwan, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. Throughout the Philippines. Lowland and medium elevation thickets, secondary forests, and open damp places. Often common. Photos
11. Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. (1826) 822; --Volkameria japonica Thunb. in J.A.Murray, Syst. Nat. ed. 14 (1784) 578; --Type: from Japan. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines. Photos
    
    • var. japonicum. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.
    • var. bethuneanum (H.Low) Wearn & Mabb., Syst. Bot. 36 (2011) 1054; --Clerodendrum bethuneanum Low, Sarawak (1848) 378; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 400; --Type: from Borneo. Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Quezon, Laguna, Camarines, POLILLO, PALAWAN, BALABAC, CATANDUANES, JOLO, MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Lowland thickets, clearings and secondary forests. Very similar to Clerodendrum intermedium Cham.
12. Clerodendrum klemmei Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 514; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 402; --Type: Elmer 8679 (A, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar-1907. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Laguna. Medium elevation thickets and forests, ascending to 1600m.
13. Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 810; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 402; --Type: from Moluccas. Philippines, Moluccas (Banda, Ternate, Seram). CAMIGUIN, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao, Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte. Lowland thickets and secondary forests. Photos
14. Clerodendrum luzoniense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 436; EPFP 3 (1923) 403; --Type: BS 33784 Ramos & Edaño (US, iso), Luzon: Camarines Norte prov., Paracale, Nov/Dec-1918. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte. Damp lowland forest.
15. Clerodendrum mabesae Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 302; EPFP 3 (1923) 403; --Type: FB 26796 Mabesa (US, iso), Luzon: Laguna prov., forests back of Paete, on moist shaded slopes, c. 370m, 27-Mar-1917. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna. Lowland forests, c. 300m.
16. Clerodendrum macrocalyx H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 293; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 403; --Type: Elmer 11338 (A, NY, U  US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt. Apo, Aug-1909. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Davao (Mt Apo), Surigao del Norte. Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11).
17. Clerodendrum macrostegium Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 666; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 403; --Type: Cuming 1541 (NY, iso). Philippines, Moluccas (Seram; Ambon; Saparua).  LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Quezon, MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PANAY. Lowland secondary forests and thickets. Photos
18. Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn., Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 25 (1863) 409; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 403. Philippines, Sulawesi, Sula Isls. Widespread throughout the archipelago, in most islands and provinces. Low to medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Often common. Photos
19. Clerodendrum mindorense Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 342; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Clerodendrum simile Merr., Govt. Lab Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 64, nom. illeg., auct. non H.Pearson; --Type: Merrill 1192 (US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Baco, Jan-1903. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (Palanan), Sorsogon, MINDORO, SEMIRARA, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Misamis. Lowland primary and secondary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Photos
20. Clerodendrum multibracteatum Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 98; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Type: BS 777 Vanoverbergh (A, US, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Jul/Aug-1911. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). Mossy forests, 1600-2000m.
21. Clerodendrum paniculatum L., Mant. Pl. 1 (1767) 90. Tropical and subtropical Asia, ?Philippines. Photos
    
22. Clerodendrum philippinense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3223; --Type: Elmer 22379 (B, GH, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg. May-1927. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Pampanga (Mt Pinatubo).
23. Clerodendrum preslii Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 515; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Type: Elmer 10223 (A, BISH, NY, US, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, Mar-1908. Endemic to the Philippines. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns). Mossy forests, c. 1400m.
24. Clerodendrum puberulum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 72; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Type: E.B. Copeland 414 (NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mar-1904. Sulawesi, Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao. Lowland thickets and open sites. Allied to Clerodendrum intermedium Cham.
25. Clerodendrum pubifolium Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 197; --Type: BS 49416 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, ?lost; UC, NY, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental prov., Mt Mayo, along streams in secondary forests, c. 700m, 21-Apr-1927. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mt Mayo). Along streams in secondary forests, c. 700m.
26. Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 63; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Ligustrum quadriloculare Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 10; --Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 434 (US, illustrative specimen), Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Jan-1914. Philippines, New Guinea (Bakhuizen 1921). LUZON: Pangasinan, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, Pampanga, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, MINDORO, TICAO, PANAY, NEGROS, SIARGAO, BUCAS GRANDE. Lowland and medium elevation primary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Photos
27. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb., Nov. Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3 (1780) 201; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 419. Photos
    
    • var. trichotomum. China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, India, SE Asia. LUZON: Cagayan & Isabela E coasts. Lowland thickets.
    • var. esculentum Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 1 (1917) 29; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 47. --Clerodendrum trichotomum auct. non Thunb. ex J.A.Murray; --Merr. EPFP 3 (1923) 405. Japan to Ryukyus, Philippines. BATAN (Hatusima 29190, 29030). Lowland thicket.
28. Clerodendrum vanoverberghii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 98; EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --Type: BS 838 Vanoverbergh (A, US, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Nov/Dec-1910. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province. In forests, c. 1650m.
29. Clerodendrum villosum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 811; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; --Type: from Java. --Clerodendrum curranii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1846; --Type: Elmer 12860 (A, GH, NY, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan prov., Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (Thumb Peak), in good well-drained soil at 500ft, among light woods of the cogon formation, Mar-1911. Myanmar, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines. CULION, PALAWAN, BALABAC, BANCALAN. Lowland thickets and old clearings. Photos
30. Clerodendrum wenzelii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 385; EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --Type: Wenzel 627 (A, US, iso), Leyte, Mar-1914. Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Forests, c. 500m.
31. Clerodendrum williamsii Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 684; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 406; --Type: Elmer 11149 (NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt. Apo, Jun-1909. Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, JOLO, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao, Davao (Mt Apo). Medium elevation forests. Photos

Cultivated:

1. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. (1891) 586; --Siphonanthus indicus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 109. India and China to W Malesia.
2. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf., Edinburgh New Philos. J. 2, 15 (1862) 233; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 405. Native of tropical Africa. Widely cultivated in the Philippines for ornamental purposes but apparently not escaping. Photos

Clinopodium L.

1. Clinopodium javanicum (Blume) I.M.Turner, Phytotaxa 174 (2014) 242; --Ziziphora javanica Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14 (1826) 822; --Type: from Indonesia. Tropical and subtropical Asia, ?Philippines.
2. Clinopodium umbrosum (M.Bieb.) K.Koch, Linnaea 21 (1849) 673; --Satureja umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 14 (1985) 306; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 361; --Calamintha umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Exc. 1 (1830) 329; --Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 123; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 410; --Melissa umbrosa M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2 (1808) 63. Afghanistan, Assam, Bangladesh, Iran, Myanmar, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey. Not native to the Philippines. Photos

Coleus Lour.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 12 August 2018   

Photos

1. Coleus amboinicus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 372; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 344; Fl. Manila (1912) 410; EPFP 3 (1923) 418; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 50; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 387; --Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. 2 (1825) 690. --Coleus suganda Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 1 (1837) 483; --Type: Merrill: Species Blancoanae No. 129 (K, neo), Luzon: Cavite Proc, Maragondong, Jul-1914. Possibly native in India. Not native to the Philippines. Photos
2. Coleus apoensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2694; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 418; --Plectranthus apoensis (Elmer) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 147; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 387; --Type: Elmer 11601 (L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao prov., Mt Apo, Todaya. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Open ridge thickets on fertile soil, in association with grasses, 1000m. Known only from the type collection. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11, as Plectranthus apoensis).
   
3. Coleus macranthus Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 234; PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 382; EPFP 3 (1923) 419; --Plectranthus merrillii H.Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 391; --Type: Merrill 4502 (NY, US, syn); Merrill 4505 (US, syn); Merrill 4583 (US, syn), all from Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Primary mossy forests, 1200-2460m. Fl. Feb-Apr, Sep-Oct. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11, as Plectranthus merrillii).
   
4. Coleus rotundifolius (Poir.) A.Chev. & Perrot, Vég. Utiles Afrique Trop. Franç. 1 (1905) 119; --Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng., Syst. 2 (1825) 690; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 388; --Germanea rotundifolia Poir., Encycl. 2 (1788) 763. Native origin not certainly known. Cultivated in Madagascar, Sri Lanka, throughout continental Asia, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines, Moluccas.
   
5. Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2 (1830) 16; --Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br., Prod. (1810) 506; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 389; --Ocimum scutellarioides L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1763) 833. --Coleus atropurpureus Benth. in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830-31) 16; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 418. --Coleus acuminatus Benth., Linnaea 6 (1831) 81; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 418; --Type: Cuming 1683 (K, neo; BM, K, P, TCD, isoneo), Samar: 1841. --Coleus blumei Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1832) 56; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 410; EPFP 3 (1923) 419. --Coleus multiflorus Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1832) 55; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 419; --Type: Perrottet s.n. (P, holo), Manila. --Coleus pumilus Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 482; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 410;  EPFP 3 (1923) 420; --Type: Merrill: Species Blancoanae No. 190 (K, neo), Luzon: Rizal Prov, Pasig, Barrio of Pineda, Oct-1914. --Coleus igolotorum Briq., Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2 (1898) 236; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 419; --Type: Callery 48 (G-DEL, holo; P, iso), Luzon: dans le pays de Igolotes. --Coleus macranthus Merr. var. crispipilus Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 234; --Type: Merrill 4780 (PNH, ?holo; BM, K, NY, iso), Luzon: Benguet Prov, Suyoc to Panai, Nov-1905, 2200m. --Coleus pubescens Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 432;  EPFP 3 (1923) 420; --Type: E. Zenix BS 3892 (PNH, ?holo; M, iso), Babuyan: 17-Jun-1907. --Coleus crispipilus Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 382; EPFP 3 (1923) 419. --Coleus zschokkei Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 382., EPFP 3 (1923) 320; --Type: Merrill 6529 (PNH, ?holo; K, NY, P, iso), Luzon: Benguet Prov, Mt Pulag, May-1909. --Coleus integrifolius Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2696; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 419; --Type: Elmer 13627 (PNH, ?holo; A, BM, K, L, NY, P, iso), Mindanao: Agusan Prov, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta. --Coleus atropurpureus var. densiflorus Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. (1832) 54; --Type: Chamisso s.n. (K, syn), Manila, 1830. -- Coleus gaudichaudii Briq., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève (1898) 237; --Type: Gaudichaud s.n. (G-DEL, holo), Luzon: Manila, Dec-1836. Tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia, Philippines. Photos
6. Coleus sparsiflorus Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2699; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 420; --Plectranthus sparsiflorus (Elmer) H.Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 391. --Coleus scutellarioides auct. non (L.) Benth.; --Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2697. 1830. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Misamis, Lanao, Bukidnon, Davao, Agusan del Norte. Damp mossy forests, 1000-1900m. Fl. Mar-Sep. Photos

Cymaria Benth.

1. Cymaria dichotoma Benth., Bot. Reg. Sub t. 1292 (1830); in Wall. Cat. 1829, no. 2080, nom. nud.; in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 64; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 315. --Cymaria acuminata Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 3 (1834) 399 (Herb. Timor. Descr. 1835, 71); --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 408. Continental SE Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, S China), Hainan, Peninsular Malaysia (very rare), E Java, Philippines, S Sulawesi, Moluccas (Babar & Tanimbar Isls). LUZON: Pangasinan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, JOLO, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Bukidnon, Davao. Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests.

Gmelina L.

1. Gmelina arborea Roxb., Hort. Bengal. (1814) 46; Fl. Ind. ed. 3 (1832) 84. Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar. Extensively planted throughout tropical SE Asia including the Philippines. Photos
2. Gmelina elliptica Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. 16 (1810) No. 2; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 399; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306. Myanmar through Malaya to the Moluccas, Palau Isls. LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO, MASBATE, PANAY, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, CEBU, BOHOL, TAWI-TAWI, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Lowland thickets and secondary forests, common. Photos
3. Gmelina palawensis H.J.Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. (1919) 224. Photos
   
   • var. dinagatensis Moldenke, Phytologia 2 (1951) 418; --Type: Ahern 461 (NY, US, iso), Dinagat, 1902. DINAGAT. Perhaps better placed under Faradaya.
4. Gmelina philippensis Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 109; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 406; EPFP 3 (1923) 399; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306, as ‘philippinensis’. Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Lesser Sunda Isls, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines. LUZON: Pangasinan, Benguet, Cagayan, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, PANAY. Lowland and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. --Gmelina philippensis forma transitoria Moldenke, Phytologia 18 (1969) 210; --Type: PNH 11741 M.D. Sulit (US, holo), Guimaras, Feb/Mar-1950. GUIMARAS. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Photos

Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth.

1. Gomphostemma javanicum (Blume) Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1835) 650; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 86; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 322; --Prasium javanicum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 840. --Gomphostemma philippinarum Benth. in DC., Prod. 12 (1848) 551; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 409. Andaman Isls, Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines. Photos

Holmskioldia Retz. [Not native]

1. Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6 (1791) 31. Widely cultivated, not native to the Philippines. Naturalized? Photos

Hyptis Jacq. [Not native]

1. Hyptis brevipes Poit., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 7 (1806) 465; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) suppl. 122; Fl. Manila (1912) 409; EPFP 3 (1923) 416; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 90; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 369. --Thymus biserratus Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 1 (1837) 478; --Type: Merrill: Species Blancoanae 478 (K, neo), Luzon: Batangas Prov, Aug-1914. --Pycnanthemum subulatum Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 333; --Type: Merrill: Species Blancoanae 478 (K, neo), Luzon: Batangas Prov, Aug-1914 (Note by P.B. Pelser: same neotype as Thymus biserratus in Suddee et al. 2004). --Hyptis brevipes Poit. var. serrata Briq., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 2 (1898) 227; --Type: Cuming 1113 (G-DC, syn; K, TCD, isosyn), Luzon; Gaudichaud 175 (G-DEL, syn), Luzon: Manilla. Native of Mexico. Photos
2. Hyptis capitata Jacq., Collect. 1 (1786) 102; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 409; EPFP 3 (1923) 416; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 369. --Hyptis lanceolata auct. non Poir.; --Briq., Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 2 (1898) 225; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 416, quoad Cuming 591. --Pycnanthemum decurrens Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 333; --Type: Merrill: Species Blancoanae 472 (K, neo), Luzon: Rizal, Antipolo, Oct-1914, Native of the neotropics. Photos
3. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 7 (1806) 472; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 409; EPFP 3 (1923) 417; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 98; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 372; --Ballota suaveolens L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10 2 (1759) 1100. Native of the Neotropics. Photos

Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach

1. Isodon coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kudô, Mem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 2 (1929) 131; --Plectranthus coetsa Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 117. --Plectranthus javanicus (Blume) Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1832) 45; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 142; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 386; --Elsholtzia javanica Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 825. --Plectranthus diffusus Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 235; PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 382;  EPFP 3 (1923) 418. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.

Leonurus L.

1. Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Nat. Hist. II. Ix (1778) 366; --Christm. Pflanzensyst. 7 (1781) 501; Merr., Journ. Arn. Arb. 19 (1938) 363. --Leonurus sibiricus auct. non  L.; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 412; EPFP 3 (1923) 412; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 98; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 336. Throughout East and Southeast Asia, Australia, Philippines.

Leucas R.Br.

1. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link, En. Hort. Berol. 2 (1822) 113; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 410; --Keng, Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 8 (1978) 337; --Phlomis aspera Willd., Enum. Pl. (1809) 621. Mascarenes, Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.
2. Leucas chinensis (Retz.) Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 20 (1812) n. 8; --Phlomis chinensis Retz., Observ. Bot. 2 (1781) 19. India, Japan to Hainan, Philippines.
   
   • var. batanensis T.Yamaz., Fl. Japan 3a (1993) 298. Endemic to the Philippines.
3. Leucas decemdentata (Willd.) J. Sm., in Rees, Cycl. (1812) LEU 20; --Keng, Fl.Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 567; --Phlomis decemdentata Willd., Sp. Pl. 3 (1800) 124. Photos
   • var. decemdentata. --Leucas flaccida R.Br., Prod. (1810) 505; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 340. --Leucas mollissima Wall. ex Benth., in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 62; --Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 5 c (1910) 381; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 411. --Leucas javanica Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1834) 611; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 412; EPFP 3 (1923) 410. Tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia, Philippines.
4. Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 20 (1812) n. 2; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 411; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 338. --Leucas linifolia (Roth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 15, 2 (1825) 743; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8  (1978) 338. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.
5. Leucas zeylanica (L.) R.Br. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 3 (1811) 409; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 411; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 101; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 337; --Phlomis zeylanica L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 586. Photos
   • var. zeylanica. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.

Mentha L.

1. Mentha canadensis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 577 (1753). --Mentha arvensis var. javanica (Blume) Hook.f., Fl. Br. Ind. 4 (1885) 648; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 411; EPFP 3 (1923) 413; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 111; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 343; --Mentha javanica Blume Bijdr. (1826) 826; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 413. --Mentha cordifolia auct. non Opiz ex Fresen; --Cantoria, PJS 97 (1968) 281; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8  (1978) 344. N America and Asia, Philippines. Photos
   

Mesona Blume = Platostoma

  Moschosma Rchb. = Basilicum

Mosla Buch.-Ham. ex (Benth.) Maxim.

1. Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 10 (1866) 457; --Lycopus diantherus Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 144. --Mosla formosana Maxim., Bull. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. 20 (1875) 459; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 414; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 122; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 348. SW Asia to Himalaya and Japan to Sumatra, Philippines.

Nosema Prain = Platostoma

1. Nosema clausa (Merr.) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 123; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 375; --Mesona clausa Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 345; EPFP 3 (1923) 420. CULION. Open damp places at low elevation. Fl. Oct, Dec.

Ocimum L.

1. Ocimum americanum L., Cent. Pl. I (1755) 15. Old World tropics and subtropics, Philippines?
   
2. Ocimum basilicum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 833; --Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 433; Fl. Manila (1912) 407; EPFP 3 (1923) 421; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 127; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 377. Throughout East and Southeast Asia, Philippines. Photos
3. Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 597; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 378. --Ocimum sanctum L., Mant. 1 (1767) 85; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 408; EPFP 3 (1923) 422; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 130. Throughout East and Southeast Asia, Australia, Philippines. Photos

Orthosiphon Benth.

1. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 943; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 422; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 132; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 380. Photos
   • var. aristatus. --Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. var. angustifolia Benth. in DC., Prodr. 12 (1848) 53; --Type: Cuming 734 (K, syn).Tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia, Philippines.

Paraphlomis Prain

1. Paraphlomis javanica (Blume) Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 9(1) (1901) 60; --Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Jav. 2 (1965) 619; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 136; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 350; --Leonurus javanicus Blume, Catalogus (1823) 83. --Gomphostemma rugosum Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 3(2) (1891) 262; J. As. Soc. Beng. 74, 2 (1907) 721; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 412. --Gomphostemma luzonense Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 339. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines. Photos

Petraeovitex Oliver

1. Petraeovitex trifoliata Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 425; EPFP 3 (1923) 406; --Type: BS 708  Foxworthy (US, iso), Palawan, Mar/Apr-1906. Borneo, SW Philippines. PALAWAN, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lowland forests, ascending to 900m.

Platostoma P.Beauv.

1. Platostoma clausum (Merr.) A.J.Paton, Kew Bull. 52 (1997) 285; --Nosema clausa (Merr.) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 123; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 375; --Mesona clausa Merr., PJS 7 (1912) 345; EPFP 3 (1923) 420; --Type: Merrill 460 (K, iso), Culion. Endemic to the Philippines. CULION. Open damp places at low elevation. Fl. Oct, Dec.
   
2. Platostoma hispidum (L.) A.J.Paton, Kew Bull. 52 (1997) 273; --Gomphrena hispida L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1762) 326. --Acrocephalus indicus (Burm.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 511; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 101; EPFP 3 (1923) 421; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 26; --Prunella indica Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 130. --Acrocephalus indicus forma spicatus (C.B.Rob.) H.Keng; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 365; --Acrocephalus spicatus C.B.Rob., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 356; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 421; --Type: Williams 2954 (A, K, NY, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Santa Cruz. Tropical Asia and Southeast Asia, Philippines. Photos
3. Platostoma palustre (Blume) A.J.Paton, Kew Bull. 52 (1997) 281; --Mesona palustris Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 839; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 114; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 373; --Type: from Java. --Mesona philippinensis Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 101; EPFP 3 (1923) 420; --Type: Merrill 4500 (BM, K, iso), Luzon: Mt Data, Nov-1905. S China to tropical Asia, Philippines.

Plectranthus L’Her. = Coleus [Philippine species]

Pogostemon Desf.

1. Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk., Tijd. Nat. Gesch. Phys. 10 (1843) 127, as ‘Pogonostemon’; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 180; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 356; --Dysophylla auricularia (L.) Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 826; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Mentha auricularia L., Mant. Pl. 1 (1767) 81. India to China and Malesia, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, MINDANAO, PALAWAN.
   
2. Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. in DC., Prod. 12 (1848) 146; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 411; EPFP 3 (1923) 414; --Mentha cablin Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 473. --Mentha auricularia Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 329, nom. illeg., non L. LUZON. Widespread in tropics, incl. Fiji, India, Mauritius, Sumatra, Thailand, Philipines. LUZON.
3. Pogostemon elatispicatus Bhatti & Ingr., Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 27 (1997) 102; --Type: Edaño 18046 (PNH, holo), Luzon: Ilocos Norte Prov., Mt. Darna, Feb/Mar-1953. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte.
   
4. Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830) 16; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 414; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 152; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 353. Sri Lanka and continental SE Asia, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, W Java, Borneo (Sarawak; SE Borneo), Philippines. Possibly not native in Malesia. Also cultivated. PALAWAN, PANAY, MINDANAO.
   
5. Pogostemon membranaceus Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 347; EPFP 3 (1923) 414; --Type: Ramos 16419 (BM, holo). Endemic to Philippines. LUZON: Laguna.
   
6. Pogostemon menthoides Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 825; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 156; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 355. India to Vietnam and Indonesia, ?Philippines.
   
7. Pogostemon nepetoides Stapf, Kew Bull. (1908) 116; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 347, incl. var. glandulosus; EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Type: Micholitz s.n. (K, holo). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON.
8. Pogostemon philippinensis S.Moore, J. Bot. 43 (1905) 146; --Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 381; EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 156; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 156; --Type: Vidal 3421 (K, syn); Whitehead s.n. (BM, syn). East Indies, Mariana Isls, Philippines. LUZON, MINDORO, PANAY. Damp ravines, alluvial forests, thickets, also in the mossy forest, ascending to c. 2400m. Fl. Aug-Mar. Photos
9. Pogostemon quadrifolius (Benth.) F.Muell., Fragm. 5 (1866) 200; --Dysophylla quadrifolia Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 30; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 415. --Pogostemon stellatus var. roxburghianus (H.Keng) H.Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 352; --Dysophylla stellata var. roxburghiana H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 24 (1969) 72. India, Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Davao, PANAY.
   
10. Pogostemon reticulatus Merr., PJS 8 c (1912) Bot. 348; EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 155; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 355. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Low and medium elevation thickets and forests.
11. Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 529, as ‘stellatum’; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 352; --Mentha stellata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 361. --Pogostemon verticillatus (Benth. ex Wall.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1859) 965; --Dysophylla verticillata Benth. ex Wall. Numer. List (1829) n.º 1544; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 416; --Mentha verticillata Roxb. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 114, nom. illeg.; --Type: Wallich 1543 (K, syn); Wallich 1544 (BM, K, syn). Tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia, Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, SAMAR.
12. Pogostemon velatus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 155; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 159; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 355; --Type: Cuming 1097 (BM, K, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON. Photos
    
13. Pogostemon williamsii Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3197; --Type: Elmer 22225 (BM, K, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Zambales/Pampanga (Mt. Pinatubo).

Premna L.

1. Premna herbacea Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 485; Hort. Beng. (1814) 46, nom. nud.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 390. --Pygmaeopremna humilis Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 225; --Type: BS 7841 Ramos (K, US, syn), Luzon: Cagayan prov., 2-Apr-1909; BS 8124 Ramos (BM, K, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Isabela prov., Ilagan, 29-Apr-1909. India, Myanmar, Thailand, China (Hainan), Indonesia (Sulawesi), Papua New Guinea, Australia, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Low and medium elevation open grasslands. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2013).
2. Premna oblongata Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. ii. (1859) 893; --Type: from Indonesia. --Premna membranacea Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 65; EPFP 3 (1923) 391; --Type: FB 1165 Ahern’s collector (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Jun-1904; FB 3102 Ahern’s collector (K, NY, syn), same locality, Jun-1905. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, PANAY, LEYTE, SAMAR, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Davao, Surigao. Low and medium elevation forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2013).
3. Premna odorata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 488; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 392; --Type: Tadena PNH 9602 (BRI, neo; BM, isoneo), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, 28-Feb-1949. --Premna vestita Schauer, Prodr. 11 (1847) 631; --Type: Cuming 599 (B, holo; BM, K, iso), Philippines. --Premna depauperata Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 231; EPFP 3 (1923) 390; --Type: Merrill 603 (PNH, holo; K, L, NY, US, iso), Culion, 30-Dec-1902. --Premna subscandens Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 230; Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 393; --Type: FB 449 Ahern’s collector (BM, K, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Apr-1904; FB 443 Ahern’s collector (BM, K, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Apr-1904; FB 1095 W.W. Clarke (K, NY, US, syn), Ticao, May-1904; Merrill 1874 (K, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Apr-1903. --Premna curranii H.J.Lam, Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. (1919) 116; --Type: Curran 19022116 (L, holo), Luzon: Manila, May-1909. --Premna oblongata Miq. var. puberula H.J.Lam, Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. (1919) 127; --Type: Elmer 9388 (L, holo; K, iso), Luzon: Lucban, Tayabas, May-1907. --Premna depauperata Merr. var. serrulata Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 14; --Type: BS 41360 Lopez (PNH, holo; BO, NY, iso), Culion, Oct-1922. --Premna subscandens Merr. var. minutiflora Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 20; --Type: FB 443 Ahern’s collector (NY, holo; BO, NY, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Apr-1904. India and Sri Lanka to S China and Papua New Guina and Australia, Philippines. Throughout the archipelago in most  islands and provinces. Common in lowland thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2013). Photos
4. Premna pubescens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14 (1826) 816; --Type: from Indonesia. --Premna subscandens Merr. var. glabrescens Moldenke, Phytologia 8 (1962) 163; --Type: UC 310092 Ramos & Edaño s.n. (UC, holo), Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano, Feb/Mar-1926. Java, Sumatra, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Australia, Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano). Conservation status: Vulnerable B2, biii+iv (De Kok 2013).
5. Premna regularis H.J.Lam, Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. (1919) 131; --Type: from Papua New Guinea. --Premna subrotundifolia Elmer ex H.J.Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 36; --Type: Elmer 16717 (Note by Pelser 12-Apr-14: or Elmer 16711, according to De Kok 2013; BO, holo; BM, K, L, NY, U, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Jul-1916. --Premna membranacea var. cordata Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 391; --Type: BS 34861 Ramos & Pascasio (PNH, holo; K, US, iso), Siargao, Jun-1919. New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, LEYTE, SIARGAO, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Lowland forests, epiphytic climber or small tree. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2013).
6. Premna serratifolia L., Mant. 2 (1771) 253; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 423; --Type: from India. --Premna obtusifolia R.Br., Prodr. (1810) 512; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 392; --Type: from Australia. --Premna integrifolia C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 574; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 121; PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 431; Fl. Manila (1912) 405. --Premna congesta Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 232; EPFP 3 (1923) 390; --Type: FB 3281 Ahern’s collector (PNH, holo; K, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, 6-Aug-1905. --Premna subglabra Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 234; EPFP 3 (1923) 393; --Type: Merrill 2243 (NY, K, isosyn), Mindoro: Polo, May-1903; Merrill 2165 (PNH, US, isosyn), Mindoro: Pinamalayan, May-1903; Whitford 670 (syn), Luzon: Tayabas, Atimonan, 19-Aug-1904; Whitford 671 (K, isosyn), Luzon: Tayabas, Atimonan, 19-Aug-1904. --Premna benguetensis C.B.Rob., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 215; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 390; --Type: R.S. Williams 1086 (PNH, syn; K, NY, US, isosyn), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, 10-Jun-1904; Williams 1207 (PNH; K, NY, isosyn), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, 21-Jun-1904. --Premna membranifolia Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 388; EPFP 3 (1923) 391; --Type: Wenzel 114 (PNH, holo; BM, GH, US, iso), Leyte, Jaro, 8-Jun-1913. --Premna leytensis Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 302; EPFP 3 (1923) 391; --Type: Wenzel 1364 (PNH, holo; A, BM, GH, iso), Leyte: Leyte prov. Tigbao, near Tacloban, 27-Jun-1915 (Note by Pelser 12-Apr-14: 14-Jun-1914 according to De Kok 2013). --Premna integrifolia subsp. dentatolabium H.J.Lam, Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. (1919) 144-146; --Type: Elmer 11115 (K, lecto; BM, L, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya (Mt Apo), Jul-1909. --Premna atra Merr., Phytologia 2 (1941) 5; --Type: Ramos 42171 BS 41873 (A, holo; BM, K, L, P, SING, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Mt Irig (Irid), Feb-1923. --Premna dallachyana Benth., Fl. Austral. 5 (1870) 59; --Munir, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 7 (1984) 24. --Premna nauseosa Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 489; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 391.Widespread along coasts of tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and Pacific. Throughout the Philippines. Coastal thickets, scarcely occurring inland. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2013). Photos
7. Premna tomentosa Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 3 (1800) 314; --Type: from India. --Premna cumingiana Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 634; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 390; --Type: Cuming 778 (K, L, MO, P, isosyn), Luzon: Tayabas, 1841; Cuming 1280 (A, BM, K, L, MO, P, isosyn), Luzon: Cagayan prov. (Note by Pelser 12-Apr-14: Albay, 1841 according to De Kok 2013). --Premna adenosticta Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 630; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 389; --Type: Cuming 1230 (B, holo; K, L, P, iso), Luzon; Albay prov. --Premna stellata Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 203; EPFP 3 (1923) 393; --Type: BS 24262 Ramos (PNH, holo; K, US, iso), Samar: Catubig River, 7-Feb-1916. --Premna cumingiana Schauer forma glabrescens Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 14; --Type: Miranda s.n. (BO 22106, syn), Basilan, Sep-1912. --Premna cumingiana Schauer forma dentata Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 14; --Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 681 (BO, holo; K, L, NY, P, US, iso), Luzon: Bulacan prov., Angat, Dec-1914. Philippines, Sulawesi. --Premna cumingiana Schauer forma cordata Moldenke, Phytologia 8 (1962) 162; --Type: BS 15630 M.S. Clemens (PNH, holo; NY, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Jun-1924. India, Sri Lanka to South China, south to Java and the Philippines, except Borneo, also in isolated populations in Australia, Solomon Isl. (De Kok 2013). Throughout the Philippines. Lowland and medium elevation secondary forests, ascending to 1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2013). Photos
8. Premna trichostoma Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. ii. (1859) 892; --Type: from Indonesia. --Premna oblongifolia Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 29 (1905) 48; EPFP 3 (1923) 392; --Type: Elmer 5990 (BO, K, NY, P, US, isosyn), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar-1904; Whitford 816 (syn), Luzon: Quezon prov, Infanta, Sep-1904. --Premna areolata Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 73; EPFP 3 (1923) 389; --Type: BS 16179 Reillo (PNH, holo; BM, K, L, US, iso), Basilan, 6-Sep-1912. --Premna williamsii Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 74; EPFP 3 (1923) 393; --Type: R.S. Williams 2330 (PNH, holo; NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga prov., Sax  River, Feb-1905. S Myanmar to Vietnam, south to New Guinea. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Quezon (Infanta), BASILAN, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga. In thickets on rocky slopes and in ravines among boulders, Low and medium elevation forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2013).

Salvia L.

1. Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr. in Comm. Goett. 1 (1778) 86; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1978) 359. Native of tropical America, cultivated in the tropics and occasionally escaping from cultivation. Naturalized in Philippines.
2. Salvia misella Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2 (1818) 290. Native of tropical America. Naturalized in Malesia. LUZON: Quezon (Mt. Banahaw). Photos
3. Salvia plebeia R.Br., Prod. (1810) 501; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 413; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 162; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 358. Iran to Russia to Australia, Philippines.
4. Salvia rosmarinus Schleid., Handb. Med.-Pharm. Bot. 1 (1852) 265. --Rosmarinus officinalis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 23; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 407; EPFP 3 (1923) 409; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 393. Native of the Mediterranean region. Cultivated in gardens for medicinal purposes. Rosemary. Cultivated only? Photos
   
5. Salvia scapiformis Hance, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 368; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 413, as ‘scaphiformis’; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 161; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 357. China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, N Philippines. LUZON. On cliffs, mossy banks, boulders and in ravines along small streams, 400-1500m. Fl. Mar-Sep.
6. Salvia splendens Sellow ex Nees in Weid-Nieuwied, Reise Bras. 2 (1821) 335. Native of Brazil.

Scutellaria L.

1. Scutellaria indica L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 600. --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 409; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 167; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 325. Photos
   • var. indica. --Scutellaria copelandii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 349. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.
2. Scutellaria javanica Jungh., Java 1 (1853) 661; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 168; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 325. Photos
   
   • var. javanica. Hainan and Indochina to New Guinea, Philippines.
     
   • var. luzonica (Rolfe) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 171; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 326; --Scutellaria luzonica Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 410. --Scutellaria marivelensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 516. Hainan and Indochina to New Guinea, Philippines.
   • var. russeliifolia (Vatke) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 172; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 326; --Scutellaria russeliifolia Vatke, Bot. Zeit. 30 (1872) 716; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 410. Sulawesi, Philippines.
   • var. sumatrana (Miq.) Back., Trop. Natuur 10 (1921) 37; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 171; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 326; --Scutellaria sumatrana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1859) 974. Lesser Sunda Isls, Sumatra, Philippines.

Cultivated:

1. Scutellaria cordifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth. ex Hook., Bot. Mag. 73 (1847) t. 4290; --Perilomia cordifolia Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 6 (1831) 374. --Scutellaria splendens Link, Klotsch & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol. 1 (1841) 31; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 326. Not naturalized?

Symphorema Roxb.

1. Symphorema luzonicum (Blanco) Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 162; --Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 3; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 122; Fl. Manila (1912) 400; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 335; EPFP 3 (1923) 406; --Litsea luzonica Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 284; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 162; --Type: Non extant; Llanos 69 (L, neo). --Symphorema involucratum auct. non Roxb.; --Llanos ex Fern.-Vill. in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 41 (1880) 105; --Type: Llanos 69 (L, holo). --Symphorema glabrum Hassk., Flora 48 (1865) 402; --Type: Cuming s.n. (L, holo), Philippines. Java, Moluccas, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, MINDORO, BUSUANGA, PALAWAN. Lowland secondary and primary forests. Photos

Tectona L.f.

1. Tectona grandis L.f., Suppl. (1781) 151; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 389. India to Indochina. Not native to the Philippines. Teak. Photos
2. Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1152; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 389; --Type: Cuming 1432 (L, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, ILIN (off SW coast of Mindoro Occidental prov.). Lowland secondary forests and thickets. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Photos

Teijsmanniodendron Koorders

1. Teijsmanniodendron ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh., J. Arnold Arb. 16 (1935) 74; --Vitex aherniana Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 6 (1904) 18; EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Type: Merrill 1007 (GH, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora prov., Baler, Aug/Oct-1903. --Vitex curranii H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 207; --Type: FB 17463 Curran (PNH, holo), Negros: Oct-1909. --Vitex bulusanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3798; --Type: Elmer 17004 (NY 2 sheets, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Irosin, Aug-1916. Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Zambales, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon, LUBANG, SIBUYAN, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao, Agusan, Surigao). Lowland and medium elevation forests. Photos
2. Teijsmanniodendron bogoriense Koord., Ann. Jard. Buitenz. 19 (1904) 20. --Teijsmanniodendron longifolium (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 398; --Vitex longifolia Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 227; --Type: FB 7574 Hutchinson (US, iso), Mindanao: Surigao prov., May/Jun-1907. --Vitex merrillii H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 212; --Type: BS 15906 Fenix  (PNH, holo; K, L, iso), Luzon: Bataan prov., Aug-1912. Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao. Low and medium elevation forests. Photos
3. Teijsmanniodendron holophyllum (Baker) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 1 (1951) 97; --Vitex holophylla Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew (1896) 25; --Type: from Malaysia. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines. TAWI-TAWI.
4. Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 29; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 398; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 3 (1978) 309; --Vitex pteropoda Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 567. --Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh. forma cristatum Moldenke, Phytologia 44(7) (1979) 473. --Vitex philippinensis Merr., Forest. Bur. Philip. Bull. 1 (1903) 52; --Type: Ahern 387 (BO, US 2 sheets, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Malangas, Oct/Nov-1919. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Banka, Borneo, C & S Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte (photos), Zamboanga, Davao. Photos
5. Teijsmanniodendron unifoliolatum (Merr.) Moldenke, Phytologia 4 (1952) 58; --Vitex unifoliolata Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 438; EPFP 3 (1923) 398; --Type: BS 37048 Ramos & Edaño (US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Malangas, Oct/Nov-1919. Borneo, Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Forests along streams at low elevation.

Teucrium L.

1. Teucrium viscidum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 827; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 409; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 318.
   
   • var. viscidum. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.

Thymus L. [Not native]

1. Thymus vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 591. Native of S Europe. Stated to be cultivated in the Philippines and in Java.

Vitex L.

1. Vitex glabrata R.Br., Prodr. (1810) 512; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 310; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 22; --Type: from Australia. --Vitex pentaphylla Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 320; --Type: FB 9490 Whitford & Hutchinson (PNH, K, US, syn), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Norte prov., Siocon River, Mar-1908; FB 11245 Hutchinson (PNH, US, syn), same locality, Mar-1908; R.S. Williams 2949 (PNH, NY, US, syn), Mindanao: Davao del Sur prov., Sta Cruz, 16-Jun-1905. --Vitex nitida Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 343; --Type: FB 19546 Klemme (PNH, holo, ?lost; K), Mindanao: Misamis Occidental prov., Tangob, growing near the mountains, 7-May-1911. India, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines, N Australia. LUZON: Camarines, Sorsogon, MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN, BALABAC, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, Cotabato, Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte. Lowland forests, seasonally flooded swamps, along rivers and streams, on sandy-clay, up to medium elevation. Fl. Aug-May, fr. Aug-Mar.
2. Vitex negundo L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 426, Pl. 180; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 25; --Type: from India.
   
   • var. negundo. --Vitex negundo L. var. incisa (Lam.) C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 584; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 395; --Vitex incisa Lam., Encycl. 2 (1788) 612; --Type: from China. --Vitex negundo L. var. bicolor (Willd.) H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 191; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 395. --Vitex elmeri Moldenke, Phytologia 38 (1978) 307; --Type: Elmer 5611 (NY, holo), Luzon: La Union  prov., Bauang, Feb-1904. E Africa, India, China, Taiwan, Japan, S & SE Asia, Australia, Polynesia. Throughout the Philippines. Low to medium elevation, along roadsides, dry river flood plains, waste places, thickets and secondary forests. Fl. & fr. throughout the year.  Photos
3. Vitex parviflora Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 7 (1806) 76; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3 (1923) 395; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 26; --Type: in P-Herb. Jussieu (photo cited by de Kok), Philippines. --Vitex geniculata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 514; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333. --Vitex latifolia Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 514; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333. --Vitex altissima Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 516, nom. illeg., auct. non L.f.; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333. --Vitex glandulosa H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay Archipel. (1919) 199; --Type: Mangubat 1361 (BO, holo, photo K; L, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Cavite prov., Mendez Nuñez, Aug-1906. --Vitex parviflora Juss. forma sterilis H.J.Lam ex Moldenke, Phytologia 6 (1957) 42-43); --Type: BS 1218 R.C. McGregor (BO, holo; NY, iso), Bohol: May-1906. --Vitex parviflora Juss. var. puberulenta Moldenke, Phytologia 3 (1951) 489; --Type: BS 1361 Mangubat (BO, holo; K, photo; L, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Cavite prov., Mendez Nuñez, Aug-1906. Java, Saleyer, Philippines, Sulawesi, Timor, Ambon. Throughout the Philippines in most islands and provinces. Common in both secondary and primary forests, on clay loam or volcanic soils, over limestone or ultamafics at low elevation. Fl. Apr-Dec; fr. all year round. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Photos
4. Vitex pinnata L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 28; --Type: from Sri Lanka. --Vitex pubescens L. ex Vahl, Symb. 3 (1794) 85; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 396. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah), Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI. Primary and secondary forests, pyrogenous parang vegetation. Lowlands generally. Fruits eaten by birds. Seeds do not germinate in shade. Fl. Nov-May (Aug); fr. Nov-Aug.  Photos
5. Vitex quinata (Lour.) F.N.Williams, Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii, 5 (1905) 431; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 396; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 426; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 30; --Cornutia quinata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 387; --Type: from S China. India to S China and Taiwan, Japan, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Cotabato, Agusan del Norte, Surigao. Low elevation primary to secondary forests, sometimes on limestone. Fl. May-Dec; fr. Jul-Apr. Photos
6. Vitex trifolia L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3 (1923) 397; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 428; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 32; --Type: from India. --Vitex negundo L. var. philippinensis Moldenke, Phytologia 38 (1978) 308; --Type: Elmer 8125 (NY, holo), Luzon: Laguna prov., Los Baños, Apr-1906. Photos
   • ssp. trifolia. S & SE Asia, China, Taiwan, Australia (E coast), Polynesia. The species is widespread from Tahiti to Australia’s East Coast, North to Hawaii and Japan & China, west to India, Sri Lanka and possibly east Africa. Because of its local use as an ornamental and a medicinal plant, it is also widely cultivated in and outside its natural area. Beaches, inland edge of mangrove swamps, grasslands, (littoral) forest and in secondary vegetation, often near water. Soil: sands or more rarely in clay, often over limestone, coral, volcanic soils or shale, at 0-150(-1500)m. In humid areas the species is usually common at low elevation, becoming rarer higher up. In dryer areas the species can also be more common at high evaluation. Often a solitary tree but sometimes occurring in thickets. Fl. & fr. all year round.
   • ssp. litoralis Steenis, Blumea 8 (1957) 516; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 32; --Type: from Lesser Sunda Isls, Kisar. --Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 107; --Type: Chamisso s.n. (LE, holo, photo in K), Luzon: Cavite prov., Dec-1817 to Jan-1818. --Vitex trifolia var. ovata (Thunb.) Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 17 (1903) 92, nom. superfl.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 397; --Vitex ovata Thunb. in J.A.Murray, Syst. Nat. ed. 14 (1784) 578. --Vitex rotundifolia L.f., Pl. Syst. Veg. (1781) 294; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 428. --Vitex repens Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 513; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 332. Japan, Ryukyus, Taiwan, China, Thailand, across Malesia, Australia (E coast) and Polynesia. Throughout the Philippines. On littoral sandy beach, common.
7. Vitex turczaninowii Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 77; EPFP 3 (1923) 397; --Bramley et al. Taxon 58 (2009) 508; --Vitex cumingiana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 31 (1858) 416; --Type: Cuming 1173 (MO), Luzon. --Viticipremna philippinensis (Turcz.) H.J.Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 47; --Premna philippinensis Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(2) (1863) 215; --Type: Cuming 1294 (MEL, lecto; BM, K, NY, PNH, isolecto), Philippines: 1841. --Vitex luzonica H.J.Lam in H.J.Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 61; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Type: Ahern 706Q (BO, holo; NY, iso), Luzon. Borneo, Java, Philippines. BATANES, LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, MINDORO, TICAO, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Surigao. Lowland forests. Photos

Viticipremna H.J.Lam. = Vitex

Volkameria  L.

1. Volkameria inermis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 637; --Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. 1 (1788) 271; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; --Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 417. --Clerodendron commersonii Spreng., Syst. 2 (1825) 758; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 403. India, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, across Malesia to Australia and Polynesia. Throughout the Philippines. Along seashore and tidal streams. Photos

Literature

Harley, R. & A. Paton. 2001. Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiatae): the correct name for a common tropical weed. Kew Bulletin. 56: 243–244.

Harley RM & JFB Pastore. 2012. A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 58: 1-55

Paton, A. 1997. Classification and species of Platostoma and its relationship with Haumaniastrum (Labiatae). Kew Bulletin 52: 257-292.

Paton, A, M Mwanyambo & A Culham. 2018. Phylogenetic study of Plectranthus, Coleus and allies (Lamiaceae): taxonomy, distribution and medicinal use. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 355-376.

Suddee S, AJ Paton & JA Parnell. 2004. A taxonomic revision of tribe Ocimeae Dumort.(Lamiaceae) in continental South East Asia II. Plectranthinae. Kew Bulletin 59: 379-414.

Suddee, S, AJ Paton & JA Parnell. 2005. Taxonomic revision of tribe Ocimeae Dumort.(Lamiaceae) in continental South East Asia III. Ociminae. Kew Bulletin 60: 3-75.

Wearn, JA & DJ Mabberley. 2011. Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) in Borneo. Systematic Botany 36: 1050-1061.

Acknowledgements

Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org

Copyright © 2011, Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines

Last updated 16 August 2019