Meliaceae
Aglaia
Lour.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 29
November 2020
Photos
- Aglaia aherniana Perkins,
Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 32; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 371; --Pannell in
Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 291. --Aglaia myriantha
Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 295, EPFP 2 (1923) 377. --Aglaia irosinensis
Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 371. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON:
Aurora (Mt Dingalan), Quezon, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan),
POLILLO, SIBUYAN, DINAGAT. Primary forests at low and medium elevation.
Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11).
- Aglaia angustifolia Miq.,
Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 55; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males.
ser. 1, 12 (1995) 309. --Aglaia stenophylla Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot.
185; EPFP 2 (1923) 379. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Anambas &
Natuna Isls, Borneo, Philippines. SAMAR, MINDANAO: Agusan. Lowland
forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11).
- Aglaia argentea Blume, Bijdr.
(1825) 170; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 237.
--Aglaia multifoliola Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 280; EPFP 2 (1923) 377.
Nicobar Isls, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java,
Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Solomon
Isls, Australia (Cape York Peninsula). LUZON: Cagayan, Nueva Ecija,
Pampanga, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDORO, LEYTE, PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU,
BASILAN, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Found in primary, secondary, riverine
forest, evergreen or semi-evergreen, on granite, basalt, sandstone,
coral sand, clay or limestone; sea-level up to 1200m; scattered to
locally rather common. Aril eaten by monkeys, hornbills. Photos
- Aglaia beccarii C.DC., Bull.
Herb. Boiss. 2 (1894) 579; --Mabb. & Pannell, Tree Fl. Sabah &
Sarawak 6 (2007) 38; --Type: from Sarawak. --Aglaia brachybotrys Merr.,
PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 274; EPFP 2 (1923) 372; --Type: FB 15497 Bernardo,
Luzon: Cagayan prov., San Vicente, in dense forest, c. 15m, 15-Apr-1910.
Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah), N Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan (San Vicente).
Lowland forest. Note by L.L.Co: Definitely known only in the Philippines
from the type collection of Aglaia brachybotrys Merr.
- Aglaia costata Merr., PJS 3 c
(1908) Bot. 146; EPFP 2 (1923) 372; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 248; --Type: Clemens 568, Mindanao: Lanao (Camp
Keithley). --Aglaia umbrina Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3317, nom. inval., no
Latin descr; --Type: Elmer 13770 (NY, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte
prov., Mt Urdaneta. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, SAMAR,
MINDANAO: Lanao (Camp Keithley), Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta). Forests
at low and medium elevation. Conservation status: Other Threatened
Species (DAO 2017-11).
- Aglaia crassinervia Kurz ex
Hiern in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 556; --Pannell in Mabb. et
al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 267. Nicobar Isls, Myanmar,
Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines.
- Aglaia cucullata (Roxb.)
Pellegr., Fl. Indo-Chine 1 (1911) 771; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 213; --Amoora cucullata Roxb., Pl. Coromandel
3(3) (1820) 54. --Amoora aherniana Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17
(1904) 24; EPFP 2 (1923) 370. --Amoora conduplifolia Elmer, LPB 9 (1937)
3324, nom. inval., no Latin descr. Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam,
Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei,
Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, New Guinea. LUZON: Bataan (Mt
Mariveles), Laguna, SIBUYAN, CEBU.
- Aglaia cumingiana Turcz.,
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31, 2 (1858) 409; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 372;
--Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 293. --Aglaia
tarangisi Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3314, nom. inval., no Latin
descr. Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah), Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte,
Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela (Palanan), Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Nueva
Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, BANCALAN, PANAY, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo,
Todaya). In primary, secondary and gallery forests, along seashore, on
sandy soil; sea level to 1330m. Conservation status: Other Threatened
Species (DAO 2017-11). Photos
- Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall.,
Calc. Gard. Rep. (1840) 26; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser.
1, 12 (1995) 272; --Milnea edulis Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824) 430. --Aglaia
curranii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 276; EPFP 2 (1923) 373. --Aglaia
diffusa Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 277; EPFP 2 (1923) 373. --Aglaia
samarensis Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 378. India, Bhutan, Nicobar
Isls, Myanmar, S China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular
Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan), Java, Sulawesi, Lesser
Sunda Isls (Bali, Lombok), Moluccas, Philippines (widespread). LUZON:
Cagayan to Sorsogon, MINDORO, MASBATE, BURIAS, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR,
MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Mt Apo), BASILAN. Low and medium elevation
forests. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11). Photos
- Aglaia elaeagnoidea (A.Juss.)
Benth., Fl. Austral. 1 (1863) 383; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 373; --Pannell
in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 243; --Nemedra
elaeagnoidea A.Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19 (1830) 223. --Aglaia
pallens (Merr.) Merr., PJS 13 (1918) 297; --Aglaia elaeagnoidea var.
pallens Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) 413. --Aglaia parvifolia Merr., Govt. Lab.
Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 21; EPFP 2 (1923) 378. --Aglaia cupreolepidota
Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 393, as ‘cupreo-lepidota’; EPFP 2 (1923) 373.
--Aglaia formosana Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 3 (1913) 52; --Merr., EPFP
2 (1923) 374. India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan (S tip), Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Bali, Philippines,
Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia (W Australia, Queensland),
Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Samoa. CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, PALAWAN, BANCALAN,
BALABAC, MALAMAUI, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, BASILAN, JOLO. Photos
- Aglaia elliptica Blume,
Bijdr. (1825) 171; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 288. --Aglaia davaoensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3289, nom. inval.,
no Latin descr. --Aglaia querciflorescens Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3303, nom.
inval., no Latin descr. --Aglaia robinsonii Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot.
291; EPFP 2 (1923) 378. --Aglaia harmsiana Perkins, Notizbl. Kgl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin 32 (1903) 78; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 374. --Aglaia
pauciflora Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 31. --Aglaia
longipetiolata Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3295, nom. inval., no Latin descr.
--Aglaia trunciflora Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 303; EPFP 2 (1923) 379.
--Aglaia langlassei C.DC., Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10 (1907)
151. --Aglaia tayabensis Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 292. --Aglaia
palawanensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 235; EPFP 2 (1923) 377. --Aglaia
urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3319, nom. inval., no Latin descr.
--Aglaia negrosensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3306, nom. inval., no Latin
descr. --Aglaia sorsogonensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3319, nom. inval., no
Latin descr. --Aglaia micrantha Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29
(1905) 22; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 376. --Aglaia mindanaensis Elmer, LPB
9 (1937) 3306, nom. inval., no Latin descr. --Aglaia caulobotrys
Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 156. --Aglaia antonii Elmer, LPB 9
(1937) 3278, nom. inval., no Latin descr. --Aglaia apoana Merr., Govt.
Lab Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 30; EPFP 2 (1923) 371. --Aglaia
banahanensis Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 373; Elmer, LPB 9 (1937)
3281, nom. inval., no Latin descr. Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra,
Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Flores),
Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela (Palanan), Aurora
(Mt Dingalan), Quezon (Mt Tulaog, Mt Binuang, Mt Banahaw), Bataan
(Lamao), Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna (Mt Makiling), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan),
CATANDUANES, MINDORO, PALAWAN (Victoria Peak, Addison Peak), PANAY,
GUIMARAS, NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns), LEYTE (Dagami, Mt
Ibuni), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta), Davao del Sur (Mt
Apo), BASILAN. In evergreen and semi-evergreen primary and secondary
forests, not infrequently along rivers and streams, along trails, on
various soils ranging from sandy, clay to waterlogged, on limestone
and ultramafics, scattered to locally common, from sea-level to
1400 m. Photos
- Aglaia eximia Miq., Fl. Ind.
Suppl. 1 (1861) 197; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 236. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines,
Sulawesi, Moluccas.
- Aglaia exstipulata (Griff.)
W.Theob., Burmah, ed. 3. 2 (1883) 583; --Euphoria exstipulata Griff.,
Not. Pl. Asiat. 4 (1854) 547. Photos
- ssp. brunneostellata
Pannell, Kew Bull. 59 (2004) 89; --Mabb. & Pannell, Tree Fl.
Sabah & Sarawak 6 (2007) 54; --Type: from Borneo (Sarawak).
Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines. PALAWAN.
Note by L.L.Co: Known from one collection, Stone et al. 282.
- Aglaia foveolata Pannell,
Taxon. Monog. Gen. Aglaia, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser., 16 (1992) 211. Borneo,
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines.
Photos
- Aglaia grandis Korth. ex
Miq., Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 56; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 232. --Aglaia bernardoi Merr., PJS 9 c (1914)
Bot. 302; EPFP 2 (1923) 372. --Aglaia stellatotomentosa Merr., PJS 9 c
(1914) Bot. 535, as ‘stellato-tomentosa’; EPFP 2 (1923) 379. --Aglaia
perfulva Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3302, nom. inval., no Latin descr.
Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah,
Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Cagayan (Gattaran), Cavite,
Rizal, LANGEN, PALAWAN (Roxas: Langugan Zigzag; Mt Beaufort; Irawan
River Valley; Victoria Mtns; Quezon: Lipuun; Addison Peak), MINDANAO:
Cotabato, BASILAN. Low to medium elevation primary forest, sometimes on
ultrabasic rock and limestone.
- Aglaia korthalsii Miq., Ann.
Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 42; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser.
1, 12 (1995) 251. NE India (Assam), Bhutan, Nicobar Isls, Myanmar,
Vietnam, S Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Lesser Sunda Isls
(Sumbawa, Flores), Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines,
Sulawesi. Photos
- Aglaia lancilimba Merr., PJS
13 c (1918) Bot. 294; EPFP 2 (1923) 375; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 242; --Type: BS 26509 de Mesa & Magistrado
(PNH, holo, lost; US, lecto), Luzon: Camarines Norte prov., Paracale, on
low hills, 20m. Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Sumbawa, Flores), Borneo
(Bumbun Is off Sabah), Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Camarines Norte.
Primary forests at low elevation.
- Aglaia lawii (Wight)
C.J.Saldanha & Ramamoorthy in Saldanha & Nicolson, Fl. Hassan
Distr. (1976) 392; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 228; --Nimmoia lawii Wight, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7 (1847) 13.
--Aglaia alternifoliola Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 532; EPFP 2 (1923)
371. --Aglaia grandifoliola Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 293; EPFP 2
(1923) 374. --Aglaia cagayanensis Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 275; EPFP 2
(1923) 372. --Aglaia sibuyanensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3308, nom. inval.,
no Latin descr. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Andaman Isls, Great Cocos Is,
Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, New
Guinea, New Britain, Solomon Islands. BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Cagayan,
Isabela, Aurora, Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, ALABAT, MINDORO, PALAWAN,
ROMBLON, SIBUYAN, TICAO, PANAY, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, SIBUTU, BASILAN,
MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan. Common in primary lowland and medium elevation
forests, riverine forests as well as forests near the seashore in both
everwet and seasonal regions, on a wide range of soil types including
limestone. Photos
- var. lawii. India,
Bhutan, China, Indochina, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo, Philippines.
- var. oligocarpa (Miq.)
Pannell, Kew Bull. 59 (2004) 90; --Mabb. & Pannell, Tree Fl.
Sabah & Sarawak 6 (2007) 67; --Aglaia oligocarpa Miq., Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 45. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular
Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan),
Philippines.
- Aglaia leptantha Miq., Ann.
Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 51; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser.
1, 12 (1995) 261. --Aglaia multiflora Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 73;
EPFP 2 (1923) 377. --Aglaia laevigata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.)
35 (1906) 31; EPFP 2 (1923) 375. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Singapore, Lesser Sunda Isls (Flores), Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah,
Kalimantan), Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan,
Nueva Ecija, Bataan (Lamao), Bulacan, Rizal (Bosoboso), Laguna, MINDORO,
NEGROS. Primary forests at low and medium elevation.
- Aglaia leucophylla King, J.
As. Soc. Beng. 64, 2 (1895) 66; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males.
ser. 1, 12 (1995) 271. --?Aglaia pallida Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 147;
EPFP 2 (1923) 377. --Aglaia mirandae Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 295;
EPFP 2 (1923) 376. --Aglaia agusanensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3275, nom.
inval., no Latin descr. S Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo
(Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN,
MALAMAUI, MINDANAO: Lanao, Davao, Agusan del Norte. Primary riverine and
mossy forests but usually in secondary forests from sea-level to
1300m.
- Aglaia luzoniensis (S.Vidal)
Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 105; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 376;
--Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 277; --Beddomea
luzoniensis S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 84. --Aglaia
brevipetiolata Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 14; EPFP 2 (1923) 372.
--Aglaia rizalensis Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 289. Borneo (Sarawak,
Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON (Cagayan to Sorsogon),
southward to PALAWAN and MINDANAO. Common in primary forests from near
sea-level to 800m, on various soil types including limestone. Photos
- Aglaia macrocarpa (Miq.)
Pannell, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 16 (1992) 65; --Pannell in Mabb. et al.,
Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 215; --Epicharis macrocarpa Miq., Fl. Ned.
Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 505. Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Singapore, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), SW
Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Halmahera, Seram). PALAWAN. Photos
- Aglaia malaccensis (Ridl.)
Pannell, Mal. For. 45 (1982) 455; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males.
ser. 1, 12 (1995) 216; --Amoora malaccensis Ridl., J. Straits Branch
Roy. Asiat. Soc. 75 (1917) 16. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo
(Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines. LUZON: Bataan. Low to medium
elevation primary and secondary forests.
- Aglaia odoratissima Blume,
Bijdr. (1825) 171; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 276. --Aglaia affinis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 235; EPFP 2
(1923) 371. --Aglaia luzoniensis (S.Vidal) Merr. & Rolfe var.
trifoliata Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 105; EPFP 2 (1923)
376; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 385.
Nicobar Isls, Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java,
Lesser Sunda Isls, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan),
Philippines, Sulawesi. Photos
- Aglaia oligophylla Miq., Fl.
Ind. Suppl. 1 (1861) 507; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1,
12 (1995) 297. --Aglaia oligantha C.DC., Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 603;
--Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 377. Andaman Isls, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular
Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines.
LUZON (widespread), ALABAT, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao, Cotabato, Agusan.
Primary forests on various soil types including limestone-derived,
0-850m. Photos
- Aglaia pachyphylla Miq., Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 57; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males.
ser. 1, 12 (1995) 234. --?Aglaia clarkii Merr., Govt Lab. Publ.
(Philip.) 29 (1905) 21; EPFP 2 (1923) 372. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular
Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines,
Sulawesi. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Zambales, Quezon, CEBU. Primary and
secondary forests on clay, sandstone, limestone at low to medium
elevation.
- Aglaia palembanica Miq., Fl.
Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 197; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males.
ser. 1, 12 (1995) 304. S Sumatra, S Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo
(Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines. PALAWAN (Taytay, Irawan River Valley),
LANGEN. Lowland primary and secondary forests, on flood plains, clay,
limestone, etc., 0-450m. Photos
- Aglaia pyriformis Merr., PJS
13 (1918) 290; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995)
294; --Type: BS 26604 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, lecto; NY,
US, isolecto), Luzon: Aurora prov., Mt Dingalan, in forest, c. 300m,
9-Sep-1916. --Aglaia puncticulata Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 290;
--Type: BS 26306 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; US, lecto).
Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora (Mt Dingalan), Nueva Ecija (Mt
Umingan = Mingan). Primary forests, 300-400m. Conservation status:
Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Photos
- Aglaia rimosa (Blanco) Merr.,
Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 212; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males.
ser. 1, 12 (1995) 246; --Portesia rimosa Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837)
297. --Aglaia denticulata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31, 1 (1858)
410; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 373. --Aglaia reticulata Elmer, LPB 9 (1937)
3306, nom. inval., no Latin descr. --Aglaia macrobotrys Turcz., Bull.
Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31, 1 (1858) 409; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 376. --Aglaia
elliptifolia Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 413; EPFP 2 (1923) 374. --Aglaia
subviridis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3312, nom. inval., no Latin descr.
--Aglaia diffusiflora Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 410; EPFP 2 (1923) 373.
--Aglaia lanceolata Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 184; EPFP 2 (1923) 375.
--Aglaia loheri Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 533; EPFP 2 (1923) 376.
--Aglaia llanosiana C.DC., Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 623; --Merr., EPFP 2
(1923) 375. --Aglaia bulusanensis Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 373.
--Aglaia subviridis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3312, nom. inval., no Latin
descr. --Aglaia reticulata Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3312, nom. inval., no
Latin descr. Taiwan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea,
New Britain, New Ireland. Y’AMI, BATAN, BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Ilocos
Norte, Benguet, Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Aurora,
Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Cavite, Batangas, Camarines,
Albay, Sorsogon, ALABAT, MINDORO, PALAWAN, ROMBLON, SIBUYAN, TICAO,
PANAY, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, SIBUTU, MINDANAO (Davao, Agusan). Common
in primary forests at low and medium elevation, ascending to 1350m. Also
in thickets and secondary forests along rivers, sometimes along the
seashore on limestone. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species
(DAO 2017-11). Photos
- Aglaia rugulosa Pannell, Kew
Bull. Add. Ser. 16 (1992) 73; --Mabb. & Pannell, Tree Fl. Sabah
& Sarawak 6 (2007) 88; --Type: from Peninsular Malaysia (Pahang).
Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan),
Philippines.
- Aglaia sexipetala Griff.,
Notul. 4 (1854) 505; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 268. --Aglaia aspera Teijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.
Ind. 27 (1864) 42. --Aglaia calelanensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3283, nom.
inval., no Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 11804 (PNH, holo, lost; L, MO,
SING, U, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Calelan, Jul-1909. Peninsular
Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei,
Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, New Guinea. MINDANAO: Davao (Apo Range:
Mt Calelan). Forested ridge, c. 914m. Note by L.L.Co: Only known in the
Philippines from the type collection of Aglaia calelanensis Elmer.
- Aglaia silvestris (M.Roem.)
Merr., Interp. Rumph. Amb. (1917) 210; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 259; --Lansium silvestre M.Roem., Fam. Nat.
Syn. Monogr. 1 (1846) 99. --Aglaia acuminata Merr., PJS 9 c (1915) 531;
EPFP 2 (1923) 371; --Type: Merrill 9306 (F, GH, US, iso), Palawan:
Taytay, 31-May-1913. --Aglaia copelandii Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3286, nom.
inval., no Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 14070 (L, MO, NY, U, US, iso),
Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, humid forested slopes, c.
4750ft. Andaman Isls, Nicobar Isls, S Vietnam, Cambodia, Peninsular
Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei,
Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, New
Britain, Solomon Isls. throughout Malesia except Lesser Sunda Isls
towards the Solomons. LANGEN, PALAWAN (Taytay, Irawan, Mt
Mantalingahan), PANAY, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta). Primary
forests, low elevation to 1450m. Photos
- Aglaia smithii Koord., Minah.
(1898) 383, 635; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995)
245. --Aglaia ramosii Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 326; --Type: Clemens 7406a
(UC). --Aglaia bicolor Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 270; EPFP 2 (1923)
372. --Aglaia badia Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 270; EPFP 2 (1923)
372. Philippines, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas (Tanimbar Is), New
Guinea (Adi Is). LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Cagayan, Pampanga,
Aurora, Rizal, PALAWAN, NEGROS, LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO. In primary and
coastal forests on clay, from sea level to low and medium elevation.
Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11).
- Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.)
Jain & Bennet, Ind. J. For. 9 (1987) 271; --Pannell in Mabb. et al.,
Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 221; --Amoora spectabilis Miq., Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 37. India (Sikkim), Myanmar, Laos,
Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Lesser
Sunda Isls (Sumba), Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, New
Britain, Solomon Isls, Sta Cruz Isls, NE Australia (Cape York
Peninsula).
- Aglaia squamulosa King, J.
As. Soc. Beng. 64, 2 (1895) 68; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males.
ser. 1, 12 (1995) 239. --Aglaia cuprea Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3287, nom.
inval., no Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 16058 (PNH, holo, lost; NA,
NY, U, US, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, 2000ft.,
May-1916. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Lesser Sunda Isls (Sumbawa),
Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah), Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Sorsogon
(Mt Bulusan). Forest, 600m.
- Aglaia tenuicaulis Hiern in
Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 556; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 301. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO
2017-11).
- ssp. tenuicaulis.
Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Bunguran Is,
Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah), Philippines. SAMAR.
- Aglaia teysmanniana (Miq.)
Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 48; --Pannell in Mabb. et al.,
Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 231; --Amoora teysmanniana Miq., Fl. Ned.
Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 503. China, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular
Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi. In Malesia recorded to
occur in primary and secondary forests, 0-1670m. Photos
- Aglaia tomentosa Teijsm.
& Binn., Nat. Tijdr. Ned.-Indië 27 (1864) 43; Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 57; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 306. --Aglaia glomerata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35
(1906) 30; EPFP 2 (1923) 374. S India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam,
Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Lesser Sunda Isls (Flores),
Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Australia (Cape York
Peninsula). LUZON: Isabela to Albay, ALABAT, CATANDUANES, MINDORO,
PALAWAN, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Common in primary
forests at low and medium elevation. Photos
- var. tomentosa.
- var. cordata (Hiern)
Pannell, Kew Bull. 59 (2004) 91; --Aglaia cordata Hiern, Fl. Brit.
India 1 (1875) 557. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Singapore, Anambas Isls, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah,
Kalimantan), Philippines.
Uncertain identity:
- Aglaia everettii Merr., PJS 4
c (1909) Bot. 271; EPFP 2 (1923) 374; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 384; --Type: FB 7319 Everett (PNH, holo, lost;
apparently no extant iso), Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Painguion
River. Endemic to the Philippines. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, CEBU,
LEYTE, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan, Surigao. Primary forests at
low and medium elevation.
- Aglaia villamilii Merr., PJS
9 c (1914) Bot. 536; EPFP 2 (1923) 379; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 385; --Type: FB 21866 Villamil (PNH, holo,
lost; apparently no extant iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov.,
Margosatubig. Slopes in forest, 60m. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON:
Laguna, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur (Margosatubig). Forests at low
elevation. Note by L.L.Co: A post-war specimen, PNH 6527 Castro from
POLILLO was determined to this species by Merrill.
Excluded species:
- Aglaia iloilo (Blanco) Merr.,
PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 533; EPFP 2 (1923) 375, excluding all specimens
cited which are Aglaia argentea Blume; --Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 388; --Melia iloilo Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2
(1845) 241. Note by L.L.Co: Merrill’s referral of Blanco’s binomial to
Aglaia is untenable because the plant being described by Blanco has
opposite winged leaves, a character alien to the genus. Pannell suggests
that this is possibly a member of Rutaceae.
Non-naturalized:
- Aglaia odorata Lour., Fl.
Cochin. (1790) 173; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 275; EPFP 2 (1923) 377;
--Pannell in Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 383. Native of
continental SE Asia. Commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant, male
trees more often than females. Strongly perfumed flowers used for
scenting tea or clothes. Photos
Anthocarapa
Pierre
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 May
2018
No Photos
- Anthocarapa nitidula (Benth.)
T.D.Penn. ex Mabb., Blumea 31(1) (1985) 133; --Amoora nitidula Benth.,
Fl. Austral. 1 (1863) 383. Lesser Sunda Isls, New Caledonia, New Guinea,
Australia, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Vanuatu, ?Philippines. Note by
L.L.Co: The Philippine record, based on Loher 255 (K, LE, M, P, US) from
Luzon (Mt Arayat), was tentatively assigned by Mabberley (1995) to this
species. The vegetative parts and overall floral morphology including
pollen features fit Anthocarapa, though the (male) flowers are
4-petalled. It may well represent a second species, resembling certain
species of Dysoxylum.
Aphanamixis
Blume
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 18 August
2017
Photos
- Aphanamixis borneensis (Miq.)
Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 4 (1896) 296; --Mabb.
et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 138; --Amoora borneensis Miq., Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 36. --Aphanamixis pulgarensis Elmer,
LPB 9 (1937) 3336, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 13104a
(MO, NY, iso), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (Thumb Peak), wooded
flats, 250ft, Apr-1911. Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), SW
Philippines, Moluccas (Halmahera). PALAWAN.
- Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.)
R.Parker,
Ind. For. 57 (1931) 486; --Aglaia polystachya Wall., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824)
429. --Aphanamixis davaoensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3331, nom. inval., no
Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 11087 (MO, NY, iso), Mindanao: Mt Apo
(Todaya). Forest, 1500ft, Jul-1909. --Aphanamixis velutina Elmer, LPB 9
(1937) 3338, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 13379 (MO,
iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, dense woods along
Catangan Creek, 1000ft, Aug-1912. --Aphanamixis polillensis (C.B.Rob.)
Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 370; --Amoora polillensis C.B.Rob., PJS 6 c (1911)
Bot. 206; --Type: BS 3639 Robinson. --Aphanamixis cumingiana (C.DC.)
Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 34 (1896) 296; --Merr.,
EPFP 2 (1923) 369; --Amoora cumingiana C.DC., Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 580.
--Aphanamixis coriacea Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 14; EPFP 2 (1923)
369; --Type: BS 23576 Ramos, Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Pocdal, damp
forest, 10-Sep-1915. --Aphanamixis perrottetiana A.Juss., Mém. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris 19 (1830) 244; --Merr., EPFP 2 1923) 369. --Aphanamixis
pinatubensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3328, nom. inval., no Latin descr.;
--Type: Elmer 22179 (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Pinatubo,
very damp woods among other shrubs and low trees, c. 4000ft, May-1927.
--Aphanamixis tripetala (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 211; EPFP
2 (1923) 370; --Trichilia tripetala Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 354.
--Aphanamixis agusanensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3328, nom. inval., no
Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 13447, Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt
Urdaneta, wooded banks of Catangan stream, 750ft, Aug-1912.
--Aphanamixis apoensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3326, nom. inval., no Latin
descr.; --Type: Elmer 11732, Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, humid
forest S of the Baruring River, 3500ft., Jul-1909. --Aphanamixis
obliquifolia Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3333, nom. inval., no Latin descr.;
--Type: Elmer 8924, Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, wooded ravines W of
the Sablan falls, Mar-1907. Sri Lanka and India to Bhutan, S China and
Indochina, throughout Malesia to the Solomon Islands. LUZON: Ilocos
Norte, Benguet (Sablan), Cagayan, Isabela, Pampanga (Mt Pinatubo),
Bataan (Lamao), Laguna (Mt Makiling), Sorsogon (Mt Pocdal), POLILLO,
MINDORO, PALAWAN (Irawan), LEYTE, SAMAR, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Davao del
Sur (Mt Apo, Todaya), Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta), Surigao. In
primary forests, usually at low and medium elevation, ascending to
1220m. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11). Photos
Azadirachta
A.Juss.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 22
November 2020
Photos
- Azadirachta excelsa (Jack)
Jacobs, Gard. Bull. Sing. 18 (1961) 75; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser.
1, 12 (1995) 233; --Melia excelsa Jack, Malayan Misc. 1(1) (1820) 12.
--Azadirachta integrifoliola Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 272; EPFP 2
(1923) 361. Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia (where also a
village tree), Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines,
Sulawesi, Moluccas (Aru), W New Guinea. PALAWAN, MASBATE, BASILAN.
Lowland forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11).
- Azadirachta indica A.Juss.,
Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 19 (1832) 221; --Mabb., et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 341; --Melia indica (A.Juss.) Brandis, For. Fl.
NW & C India (1874) 67, nom. illeg. --Melia azadirachta L., Sp. Pl.
(1753) 385. Possibly native in Myanmar. CEBU, MINDORO. Cultivated and
naturalized in secondary forest. Neem tree. Photos
Chisocheton
Blume
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 May
2018
Photos
- Chisocheton cauliflorus
Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 188; EPFP 2 (1923) 366. Endemic to the
Philippines. SAMAR, MINDANAO. Lowland primary forests.
- Chisocheton ceramicus Miq.,
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 27. --Amoora mindorensis Merr.,
PJS 26 (1925) 459; EPFP 4 (1925) 248. --Amoora caesifolia Elmer, LPB 9
(1937) 3321, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 13487,
Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, densely wooded ravine
near a stream, 750ft., Aug-1912. --Amoora cupulifera Merr., PJS 3 c
(1908) Bot. 145; EPFP 2 (1923) 367. --Amoora conduplifolia Elmer, LPB 9
(1937) 3324, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 12195, Sibuyan:
Magallanes (Magdiwang, N slopes of Mt Giting-giting), along Sinubang
creek, 750ft, Apr-1910. --Chisocheton clementis Merr., PJS 9 c (1914)
Bot. 145; EPFP 2 (1923) 367. --Dysoxylum grandifolium auct. non Merr.;
--Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3368. Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular
Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan),
Philippines, Moluccas (Morotai, Buru, Seram), New Guinea, New Britain.
LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Isabela, Sorsogon, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO.
Primary and secondary forests, usually from 0-700m. Photos
- Chisocheton cumingianus
(C.DC.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 4 (1896) 296;
--Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 164; --Dasycoleum
cumingianum C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 1 (1878) 541.
- var. cumingianus.
--Chisocheton benguetensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3343, nom. inval., no
Latin descr. --Dysoxylum sorsogonense Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3378, nom.
inval., no Latin descr. Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Ambon,
Ternate), New Guinea, Bismarck Arch. (Manus, New Britain, New
Ireland). LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela to Albay, Sorsogon,
CATANDUANES, PALAWAN, CEBU, LEYTE, SAMAR, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO. Common
in primary forests at low and medium elevation to 1300m. Photos
- Chisocheton curranii Merr.,
PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 234; EPFP 2 (1923) 367; --Type: FB 4865 Curran.
Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Thickets in limestone
region, c. 1500m.
- Chisocheton erythrocarpus
Hiern in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 550; --Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 183. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak,
Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines.
- Chisocheton macranthus
(Merr.) Airy Shaw, Hook. Icon. Pl. 34 (1937) t. 3333; --Mabb. et al.,
Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 141; --Clemensia macrantha Merr., PJS 3 c
(1908) Bot. 144. Borneo, Philippines.
- Chisocheton maxilla-pisticis
Mabb., Gard. Bull. Sing. 55 (2003) 189; --Mabb. & Pannell, Tree Fl.
Sabah & Sarawak 6 (2007) 128; --Type: from Sabah. Borneo (Sabah,
Kalimantan), SW Philippines. PALAWAN.
- Chisocheton mendozae Hildebr.
ex Steenis, PJS 91 (1963) 509, as ‘mendozai’. --Amoora fulva Merr., PJS
11 c (1916) Bot. 187; --Type: BS 24497 Ramos. Endemic to the
Philippines. SAMAR.
- Chisocheton patens Blume,
Bijdr. (1825) 169; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 167.
--Chisocheton fulvus Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 146; EPFP 2 (1923) 367.
--Chisocheton tetrapetalus (Turcz.) Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes
Moscou 31(1) (1858) 411; --C.DC., Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 530; --Merr.,
EPFP 2 (1923) 368. --Chisocheton apoensis Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 2 (1923)
368. --Chisocheton urdanetensis Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 368;
--Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3341, nom. inval., no Latin descr. Peninsular
Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Banka, Java, Borneo,
Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Cagayan to Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN,
MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Common in lowland
primary rainforest to 500m. Photos
- Chisocheton pentandrus
(Blanco) Merr., Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 210; --Mabb.
et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 180; --Trichilia pentandra Blanco,
Fl. Filip. (1837) 355. --Chisocheton parvifoliolus Merr., PJS 13 c
(1918) Bot. 297; EPFP 2 (1923) 367; --Type: FB 25467 Paraiso.
--Chisocheton sorsogonensis Elmer ex Merr., PJS 13 (1918) 297.
--Chisocheton curranii auct. non Merr.; --Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3346. Photos
- ssp. pentandrus.
Peninsular Malaysia (Johore), Java, Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali,
Sumbawa, Flores), Borneo (Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi,
Moluccas (Halmahera, Ambon). BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON (widespread),
MINDORO, MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Common in
everwet and seasonal forests, thickets, from low elevation to c.
1500m. Sometimes on limestone.
- ssp. medius Mabb., Bull.
Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. 6 (1979) 365; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser.
1, 12 (1995) 182. Borneo (Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), SW
Philippines. PALAWAN.
- ssp. paucijugus (Miq.)
Mabb., Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. 6 (1979) 366; --Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 183; --Chisocheton paucijugus Miq., Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 27. Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra,
Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan),
Philippines. PALAWAN. Wetter forests.
Cipadessa
Blume
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 8 August
2017
Photos
- Cipadessa baccifera (Roth)
Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 6; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 358;
--Melia baccifera Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. (1821) 215. --Cipadessa warburgii
Perkins, Notibl. Kgl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3 (1903) 79; --Merr., EPFP 2
(1923) 359. Tropical and subtropical Asia from Nepal, India and Sri
Lanka to S China, Indochina, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia
(Kedah), Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Lombok,
Flores, Sumbawa, Timor). LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan,
Nueva Vizcaya, PANAY, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. In forest edges and
thickets at low and medium elevation, ascending to 2200 m. A common
treelet with apparently continuous flowering and fruiting typical of
early successional forest-edge plants. Photos
Clemensia Merr. = Chisocheton
Dysoxylum
Blume
Last edited by John Paul Collantes &
Pieter B. Pelser, 21 June 2020
Photos
- Dysoxylum acutangulum Miq.,
Fl. Ind. Bat., Suppl. (1861) 196; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 129.
- ssp. acutangulum.
?Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Riau and Lingga Archipelago,
Billiton, Banka, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, E
Kalimantan), SW Philippines. PALAWAN.
- Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume)
Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 172; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995)
106; --Guarea alliacea Blume, Flora 7 (1824) 290. --Dysoxylum klemmei
Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 273; EPFP 2 (1923) 364. --Dysoxylum
platyphyllum Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 375; EPFP 2 (1923) 365.
--Dysoxylum apoense Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3355. --Dysoxylum rostratum
Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 304; EPFP 2 (1923) 365. --Dysoxylum
lanceolatum Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3368. --Dysoxylum euphlebium Merr., PJS
9 c (1914) Bot. 305; EPFP 2 (1923) 363. Andaman Isls, Peninsular
Thailand, throughout Malesia to the Solomon Isls and Australia
(Queensland). LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Rizal, Laguna, Camarines, NEGROS,
LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Lanao, Davao, Surigao. Low and medium elevation
primary rainforests, up to 1800m. Photos
- Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume)
Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 24; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males.
ser. 1, 12 (1995) 103; --Goniocheton arborescens Blume, Bijdr. (1825)
177. --Dysoxylum sibuyanense Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3376. Nicobar Isls,
Andaman Isls, Taiwan (Lanyu), throughout Malesia to Solomon Isls,
Vanuatu, Australia (Queensland). N LUZON to PALAWAN, MINDANAO and SULU
ARCHIPELAGO. A very common tree of primary and secondary forest
including that on limestone, to 1500m. Photos
- Dysoxylum brachybotrys Merr.,
PJS 26 (1925) 461; EPFP 4 (1925) 248; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1,
12 (1995) 128; --Type: BS 37012 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo,
lost; A, K, L, P, US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov.,
Malangas. Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei), SW Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga
del Sur.
- Dysoxylum cauliflorum Hiern
in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 549; --Mabb., Fl Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 86. --Dysoxylum angustifoliolum Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 460; EPFP 4
(1925) 248; --Type: FB 28910 Cenabre, Baldemor, Aduviso, Palawan.
Forests, apparently at low elevation. --Dysoxylum foxworthyi Elmer, LPB
9 (1937) 3363, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; --Type: Elmer 12823 (PNH,
holo, ?lost; F, NA, NY, U, US, iso), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt
Pulgar (Thumb Peak), forested ridge on dry, well-drained soil, 1000ft.
?Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Banka,
Borneo, SW Philippines. PALAWAN: Mt Beaufort, Pulgar, Irawan River
Valley, Victoria Mtns (Trident Mines area). Forests, near sea-level to
c. 300m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11).
- Dysoxylum cumingianum C.DC.,
Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 498; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 362. --Epicharis
pyriformis (Merr.) Harms, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 19b(1) (1940) 168;
--Dysoxylum pyriforme Merr., PJS 3 c (1909) Bot. 149; EPFP 2 (1923) 365.
--Epicharis cumingiana (C.DC.) Harms, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 19b(1)
(1940) 168. --Epicharis siargaoensis (Merr.) Harms, Nat. Pflanzenfam.,
ed. 2 19b(1) (1940) 168; --Dysoxylum siargaoense Merr., PJS 17 (1920)
269; EPFP 2 (1923) 365. --Dysoxylum testaceum Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 3093.
--Dysoxylum sulphureum Elmer ex Merr., LPB 9 (1937) 3380; EPFP 2 (1923)
362. --Dysoxylum agusanense Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3350. --Epicharis
triangularis (Merr.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed.
2 19b(1) (1940) 168; --Dysoxylum triangulare Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot.
148; --Type: Clemens 981, Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Camp Keithley.
Taiwan (Lanyu), Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali), Philippines, Sulawesi,
Moluccas (Bacan, Halmahera). LUZON: Cagayan to Camarines provinces,
POLILLO, MINDORO, TABLAS, PANAY, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Lanao, Cotabato,
SIARGAO. Lowland to medium elevation forests to c. 800m. Rather
common. Photos
- Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum Miq.,
Fl. Ind. Bat., Suppl. 1 (1861) 196; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1,
12 (1995) 123. --Amoora macrocarpa Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17
(1904) 24; EPFP 2 (1923) 370. --Dysoxylum grandifolium Merr., Govt. Lab.
Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 24; EPFP 2 (1923) 363. --Dysoxylum hexandrum
Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 297; EPFP 2 (1923) 363. --Dysoxylum
panayense Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 299; EPFP 2 (1923) 364.
--Dysoxylum oblongifolium Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 157.
--Dysoxylum bakeri Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3358, nom. inval., no Latin
descr. --Dysoxylum aurantiacum Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3357, nom. inval., no
Latin descr. --Dysoxylum benguetense Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3360, nom.
inval., no Latin descr. --Dysoxylum irigense Merr., ined.; Voucher: BS
42138 Ramos (A), Luzon: Rizal prov., Mt Irig (Mt Irid), Apr-1923. SE
Asia to Malesia. Nicobars, Andamans, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java,
Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali; Flores), Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah,
Kalimantan), Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Isabela,
Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Rizal, Quezon, Sorsogon, CATANDUANES, PANAY:
Capiz, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). Primary and secondary
forest, including that on limestone, usually at low elevation to 900m.
Common to very common. Photos
- Dysoxylum densiflorum (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 9; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995)
81; --Mabb. & Pannell, Tree Flora Sabah & Sarawak 6 (2007) 162;
--Epicharis densiflora Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 4 (1825) 167. Borneo,
China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi,
Sumatra, Thailand, Philippines. PALAWAN.
- Dysoxylum excelsum Blume,
Bijdr. (1825) 176. --Dysoxylum pallidum Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 366;
EPFP 2 (1923) 364. --Dysoxylum altissimum Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ.
(Philip.) 17 (1904) 25; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 362. Sri Lanka (Sinharaja
Forest), Nepal and India, China and Indochina, throughout Malesia to
Solomon Isls. BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Quezon, Bataan,
Laguna, Camarines, POLILLO, PALAWAN, PANAY, LEYTE, SAMAR. In primary and
secondary forests, including swamps and limestone forests, to 1000m. Photos
- Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum (A.Juss.)
Miq.,
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1865) 15; --Didymocheton gaudichaudianum
A.Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19 (1830) 231. --Dysoxylum decandrum
(Blanco) Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 30; Fl. Manila
(1912) 276; EPFP 2 (1923) 363; --Turraea decandra Blanco, Fl. Filip.
(1837) 347. Samoa, Australia (Queensland), New Hebrides, Solomon Isls,
Bismarck Arch., New Guinea, Moluccas (Seram, Tanimbar, Aru Isls), Lesser
Sunda Isls (Sumbawa, Flores, Timor), Java, Philippines, Sulawesi,
Christmas Is. LUZON: Cagayan to Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, MASBATE,
NEGROS, CEBU, LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Primary and secondary lowland
forests, thickets. A common tree, the seeds taken by pigeons. Photos
- Dysoxylum macrocarpum Blume,
Bijdr. (1825) 175; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 116.
Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah,
Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi.
- Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume,
Bijdr. (1825) 175; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 90.
- ssp. mollissimum.
--Dysoxylum octandrum (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 209;
EPFP (1923) 364. --Dysoxylum floribundum Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot.
450; EPFP 2 (1923) 363; --Type: Vanoverbergh 1470 (B), Luzon: Bontoc
subprovince, Bauco, 30-Sep-1914 (12-Sep-1912 in protologue). India
(Sikkim, Assam), SW China (Yunnan), Hainan, Myanmar, Sumatra,
Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Kangean Archipelago, Lesser Sunda Isls
(Bali), Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah), Philippines, LUZON, MINDANAO.
- Dysoxylum oppositifolium
F.Muell., Fragm. 5 (1866) 177; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 122. --Dysoxylum palawanense Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 538; EPFP
2 (1923) 364. --?Dysoxylum ramosii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 539; EPFP
2 (1923) 365. --Dysoxylum ilocanum Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 298; EPFP
2 (1923) 363; --Type: FB 25091 Paraiso. --Dysoxylum capizense Merr., PJS
17 (1920) 268; EPFP 2 (1923) 362. --Dysoxylum wenzelii Merr., PJS 9 c
(1914) Bot. 367; EPFP 2 (1923) 366; --Type: Wenzel 642 (A, L, US, iso),
Leyte. --Dysoxylum turczaninowii C.DC., Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 501;
--Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 365. --?Dysoxylum venosum Merr., PJS 5 c (1910)
Bot. 185; EPFP 2 (1923) 366. Borneo, Philippines, Lesser Sunda Isls (?),
New Guinea, NE Australia. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Cagayan,
Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Zambales, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas,
POLILLO, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO. Lowland
forests, to 650m. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO
2017-11). Photos
- Dysoxylum parasiticum
(?Osbeck) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1966) 247; --Lansium parasiticum
(Osbeck) Sahni & Bennet, Indian Forester 100 (1974) 202; --Melia
parasitica Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa (1757) 278. --Dysoxylum fragrans
Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3365. --Epicharis longiflora (Merr.) Harms, Nat.
Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 19b(1) (1940) 168; --Dysoxylum longiflorum Merr.,
PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 538; EPFP 2 (1923) 364. --Epicharis leytensis
(Merr.) Harms, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 19b(1) (1940) 168; --Dysoxylum
leytense Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 376; EPFP 2 (1923) 364. --Epicharis
loheri (Merr.) Harms, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 19b(1) (1940) 168;
--Dysoxylum loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 30; EPFP 4 (1925) 252; --Type:
Loher 14181, Luzon: Rizal prov., Angilo, Mar-1914. --Epicharis
robinsonii (Merr.) Harms, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 19b(1) (1940) 168;
--Dysoxylum robinsonii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 540; EPFP 2 (1923)
365. Lanyu, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls (Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa,
Flores, Tanimbar, Timor), E Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas
(Ambon, Bacan, Buru, Seram, Halmahera, Kai and Sulu Islands), New
Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Isls. LUZON: Apayao, Sierra Madre Range
from Cagayan to Quezon, Laguna, Sorsogon, PALAWAN, LEYTE, SAMAR,
SIARGAO, MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan, Surigao. Usually in lowland primary
forests, ascending to 1000m. Pollinated by butterflies. Photos
- Dysoxylum pauciflorum Merr.,
Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 32; EPFP 2 (1923) 365. --Dysoxylum
biflorum Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 185; EPFP 2 (1923) 362. --Dysoxylum
laxum Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 279; EPFP 2 (1923) 364. Endemic to the
Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, Rizal, Quezon, BOHOL, MINDANAO. Lowland
primary forests, usually on ridges and riverbanks, 30-1000m. Photos
Insufficiently known:
- Dysoxylum verruculosum Merr.,
PJS 8 c (1913) 377; EPFP 2 (1923) 366. LEYTE, Wenzel 28. Note by L.L.Co:
Possibly conspecific with Dysoxylum grande Hiern. which is so far not
known to occur in the Philippines.
- Dysoxylum sp. 1, Mabb. et
al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 131. --Dysoxylum revolutum Elmer, LPB
9 (1937) 3373, nom. inval., no Latin descr. --Dysoxylum alternifolium
Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3352, nom. inval., no Latin descr. LEYTE, PALAWAN,
possibly MINDANAO.
- Dysoxylum sp. 2 (sect.
Cyrtochiton). --?Dysoxylum ramosii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 539; EPFP
2 (1923) 365. LUZON: Sierra Madre Mtns (PNH 78064, L; PNH 78289, L).
- Dysoxylum sp. 3 (sect.
Cyrtochiton). Sabah. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (BS 37095, L).
Epicharis Blume = Dysoxylum
Heynea
Roxb.
No Photos
- Heynea trijuga Roxb., Bot.
Mag. 41 (1815) t. 1738; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 41.
--Heynea sumatrana Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 197; --Merr., PJS 4
c (1909) Bot. 273; EPFP 2 (1923) 380. --Trichilia connaroides (Wight
& Arn.) Bentv. forma glabra Bentv., Act. Bot. Néerl. 11 (1962) 17. S
India to S China, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines.
LUZON: Quezon, Camarines, BAGUAN (in the Turtle Islands), BASILAN,
MINDANAO: Agusan. Lowland and mid-elevation forests
Lansium
Correa
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 17
September 2019
Photos
- Lansium domesticum Correa, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10
(1807) 157; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 275; EPFP 2 (1923) 368.
Peninsular Thailand; ‘wild’, cultivated and naturalized in Sumatra,
Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New
Guinea. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, etc., CAMIGUIN, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Photos
Melia
L.
- Melia azedarach L., Sp. Pl.
(1753) 384. --Melia dubia Cav., Diss. 7 (1789) 364. Note by L.L.Co: The
species is a complex of wild and cultivated forms Mabberley (1984). The
former is commonly known here by the vernacular name ‘bagalunga’ and its
cognates ‘bagalnga’, etc. (Melia dubia), and is the white cedar of
commerce. Cultivated ones are primarily Indian cultivars with sweetly
scented lilac to pink (occasionally white) flowers and are commonly
known as ‘paraiso’. Photos
Munronia
Wight
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 May
2018
Photos
- Munronia humilis (Blanco)
Harms, Ber. Deutsch.. Bot. Ges. 35 (1917) 80; --Turraea humilis (Blanco)
Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 30; Fl. Manila (1912) 274;
EPFP 2 (1923) 359; --Plagianthus humilis Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 526.
--Turraea palawanensis Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 307; EPFP 2 (1923)
359; --Type: BS 15563 Fenix. Java, Myanmar, Thailand, Philippines.
LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, PALAWAN. Lowland thickets and ravines,
near the seashore. Photos
Pseudoclausena
T.P.Clark
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 9 November
2017
No Photos
- Pseudoclausena chrysogyne
(Miq.) T.P.Clark, Blumea 38 (1994) 291; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser.
1, 12 (1995) 55; --Mabb. & Pannell, Tree Flora Sabah & Sarawak 6
(2007) 183; --Clausena chrysogyne Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.
(1861) 502. --Walsura brachybotrys Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) 378; EPFP 2
(1923) 379. --Walsura multijuga King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 64 (1895) 83;
--Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 148; EPFP 2 (1923) 379. --Walsura
palawanensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3393, nom. inval., no Latin descr.
- forma velutina (Ridl.) T.P.Clark, Blumea 38 (1994) 294;
--Walsura velutina Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930 (1930) 371;
--Type: from Sarawak. Indochina, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi,
Moluccas, New Guinea (W Irian). PALAWAN, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO:
Lanao, Bukidnon. Lowland primary forests, ascending to 800m.
Reinwardtiodendron
Koord.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 9 November
2017
Photos
- Reinwardtiodendron celebicum
Koord., Meded. Lands Plant. 19 (1898) 389; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 369;
--Mabb., Blumea 31 (1985) 145; Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 328. --Aglaia reinwardtiana Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1966) 230.
Sulawesi, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Bataan,
Laguna, MINDORO, LEYTE, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO. Lowland and medium elevation
primary forests, locally common.
- Reinwardtiodendron humile
(Hassk.) Mabb., Malaysian Forester 45 (1982) 452; --Lansium humile
Hassk., Hort. Bogor. Descr. 1 (1858) 121. --Aglaia dubia (Merr.)
Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1966) 254; --Lansium dubium Merr., Govt. Lab.
Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 23; EPFP 2 (1923) 368. Hainan, Indochina,
Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah,
Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Aurora (photos by Pelser
& Barcelona) Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Bulacan, Laguna, Camarines,
Sorsogon, ALABAT, TICAO, MASBATE, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, BASILAN,
MINDANAO. Lowland and medium elevation rainforests. Locally common. Photos
Sandoricum
Cav.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 9 November
2017
Photos
- Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.)
Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 237; Fl. Manila (1912) 274; EPFP 2 (1923)
361; --Melia koetjape Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 101. --Sandoricum
vidalii Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 8; EPFP 2 (1923) 361;
--Type: Merrill 1824 (PNH, holo, lost; B, iso, lost; G, K, iso),
Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso. Native and naturalized in the primary and
secondary forests of Malesia to 1200m, or more. The wild form extends
from Sumatra eastwards across Malesia to New Guinea. The cultivated
forms in the Philippines falls mainly in the ‘kechapi’ category
described by Mabberley (1995). Cultivars of this include the ‘native’
santol, corresponding to the Red Sentol of Corner (1940), ‘Manila’, a
robust form now cultivated outside Malesia, and ‘Bangkok’, introduced
here from Thailand in 1949. Planted and semi-cultivated throughout the
settled areas of the Philippines, abundant in some second-growth
forests. The wild forms known as Sandoricum vidalii is reported from
LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Bataan, Rizal,
Laguna, Camarines, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, NEGROS, SAMAR, MINDANAO.
In primary forests at low and medium elevation where it occurs in low
densities. Photos
Swietenia
Jacq. [Not native]
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 22
November 2020
Photos
- Swietenia macrophylla King,
Hooker's Icon. Pl. 16 (1886) t. 1550. Introduced from tropical America
Source of valuable timber (mahogany). Naturalized in secondary forest.
- Swietenia mahagoni (L.)
Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. (1760) 20; --Cedrela mahagoni L., Syst. Nat. ed.
10 2 (1759) 940. --Swietenia mahogoni Lam., Encycl. 3 (1792) 678.
Introduced from tropical America. Similar to Swietenia macrophylla but
leaves with 2-4 pairs of leaflets which are also much smaller. Source of
mahogany lumber. Photos
Toona
(Endl.) M.Roem.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 18 August
2017
Photos
- Toona ciliata M.Roem.,
Synops. Monogr. 1 (1846) 139; --Edmonds in Mabb., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12
(1995) 366. Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, S China, Myanmar, Thailand,
across Malesia. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Banka, Lesser Sunda Isls,
Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, New Britain, E
Australia. LUZON, MINDORO. Primary and disturbed, often riparian,
rainforests, 0-1500m, occasionally higher.
- Toona calantas Merr. &
Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 105; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 357; --Edmonds in
Mabb., Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 12 (1995) 370. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia,
Borneo, Java, Philippines, New Guinea. BATANES, LUZON: Cagayan to
Sorsogon, MINDORO, NEGROS, CEBU, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Primary forests
at low and medium elevation. Note by L.L.Co: Correct status of this
species has yet to be determined against the widely-distributed Toona
ciliata M.Roem. and Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. The distribution of Toona
ciliata largely overlaps with that of Toona sureni. Toona calantas may
be a good morphologically distinct species, or simply a large-fruited
geographical variant. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Photos
- Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.,
Interp. Rump. Herb. Amb. (1917) 305; --Edmonds in Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 363; --Swietenia sureni Blume, Catalogus (1823)
72. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S China, Thailand, Sumatra,
Peninsular Malaysia (incl. Penang and Langkawi), Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak,
Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi, Java (W & E), Lesser Sunda Isls
(Bali, Sumba, Timor), Moluccas (Halmahera, Tanimbar), New Guinea (Irian
Jaya; Papua). BATANES, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Zambales,
Sorsogon, MINDORO, NEGROS, CEBU, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Common to rare
in primary and secondary forests, often in logged and disturbed areas,
usually on riparian hillsides or slopes, from sea-level to 1700m. May be
a mere geographical variant of Toona ciliata M Roem.
Turraea
L.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 May
2018
- Turraea pubescens Hell.,
Kon. Vet. Acad. Nya Handl. 9 (1788) 308. --Turraea membranacea Merr.,
PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 306; EPFP 2 (1923) 359; --Type: BS 977 Ramos
(NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Jun-1906. Cambodia,
Java, Thailand, Philippines. LUZON: Pampanga, Rizal. Forested slopes,
ascending to 700m; rare and local.
Vavaea
Benth.
- Vavaea amicorum Benth. in
Hook., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 212; --Merr., PJS 13 (1918) Bot. 301;
EPFP 2 (1923) 359; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 35.
--Vavaea ardisioides Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2676; --Merr., PJS 13 (1918)
Bot. 301; EPFP 2 (1923) 359. --Vavaea surigaoensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915)
2768; --Merr., PJS 13 (1918) Bot. 301; EPFP 2 (1923) 360. --Vavaea
retusa Merr., PJS 13 (1918) Bot. 301; EPFP 2 (1923) 360. --Vavaea pilosa
Merr., PJS 13 (1918) Bot. 302; EPFP 2 (1923) 360. --Vavaea heterophylla
Merr., PJS 13 (1918) Bot. 303; EPFP 2 (1923) 360. --Vavaea pachyphylla
Merr., PJS 13 (1918) Bot. 304; EPFP 2 (1923) 360. --Vavaea sorsogonensis
Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 359. Sumatra, W Java, N & E Borneo,
Philippines, SW Sulawesi, Moluccas (Seram, Talaud, Tanimbar), New
Guinea, New Ireland, New Britain, Solomon Isls, Vanuatu, tropical
Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland), Caroline Isls, Tonga, Fiji.
BATANES, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Apayao, Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva
Vizcaya, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bulacan, Rizal, Cavite,
Batangas, Camarines, Sorsogon, CATANDUANES, MINDORO, PALAWAN, MASBATE,
PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO (SIBUTU), BASILAN,
MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur. Primary
and secondary lowland forests, on various soil types including
limestone and ultramafics, mossy forests on exposed ridges and peaks, to
1300m. Photos
Walsura
Roxb.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 May
2018
Photos
- Walsura monophylla Elmer ex
Merr., J. Arnold Arb. 35 (1954) 138; --Elmer, LPB 9 (1937) 3391, nom.
inval., no Latin descr.; --T.P.Clark, Blumea 38 (1994) 285; --Soejarto
et al. (1995) Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan; --Type: Elmer 12903
(PNH, holo, lost; F, G, NY, iso), Palawan: Brooke’s Point, Addison
Peak. Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN: Puerto Princesa (Mt
Bloomfield; Langogan; Bacungan), Aborlan (Malasgao River; Mt Victoria),
Brooke’s Point. Often in stunted ultramafic forests. Conservation
status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Photos
- Walsura pinnata Hassk.,
Retzia 1 (1855) 147; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 48,
pro parte. --Walsura aherniana Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 34;
--Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 379. SW China (Yunnan), Myanmar, Vietnam,
Cambodia, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei,
Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, Moluccas (Halmahera, Aru), New Guinea
(Irian Jaya, extreme W). LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Aurora, Rizal,
Camarines, Sorsogon, PALAWAN, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, BASILAN, MINDANAO:
Zamboanga. Locally common in forests at low and medium elevation. Photos
Xylocarpus
Koen.
- Xylocarpus granatum Koen.,
Naturf. 20 (1784) 2; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 358; --Mabb. et al., Fl.
Males. ser. 1, 12 (1995) 378. Old World Tropics from E Africa and
continental Asia throughout Malesia to Tonga. LUZON to PALAWAN and
MINDANAO. In mangrove swamps bordering tidal streams, often associated
with Nypa and Sonneratia. Photos
- Xylocarpus rumphii (Kostel.)
Mabb., Malaysian Forester 45 (1982) 450; --Mabb. et al., Fl. Males. ser.
1, 12 (1995) 375; --Carapa rumphii Kostel., Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5
(1836) 1988. --Xylocarpus moluccensis auct. non (Lam.) M.Roem.; --Merr.,
EPFP 2 (1923) 358. Old World Tropics from E Africa to Tonga. Throughout
Malesia but so far unrecorded from the Bornean (or New Caledonian)
mainland and rare in Sumatra. LUZON: Bataan, Quezon, MINDORO, PALAWAN,
PANAY, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, MINDANAO. Photos
Cultivated, not naturalized:
- Cedrela odorata L., Syst.
Nat. ed. 10 2 (1759) 940. From tropical America. Source of valuable
timber, wood fragrant (cedar); source of antimalarial gedunin; planted
throughout the tropics. Invasive in tropical Africa and Galapagos. Not
naturalized. Photos
Acknowledgements
Mina Labuguen, Greg Rule and Benigno Resurreccion kindly
provided a number of photographs found on this webpage. Caroline
Pannell provided many of the identifications of our photographs. John
Paul Collantes brought reports of Dysoxylum densiflorum in the
Philippines to our attention.
-
Literature
- Clark,
TP. 1994. The species of Walsura
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Last updated 29 November 2020