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Oleaceae

Chionanthus D.Royen

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 15 July 2020

Photos
  1. Chionanthus acuminatissimus (Merr.) Kiew ex De Juana, Bouteloua 23 (2016) 15; --Linociera acuminatissima Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 312; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1651; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303; --Type: Merrill, Philip. Pl. 1245 (GH, isosyn), Palawan, May-1913. Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Along beaches and forests immediately behind mangroves.
  2. Chionanthus clementis (Quisumb. & Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 472; --Linociera clementis Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 189; --Type: Clemens 16785 (UC, holo), Luzon: Isabela Prov, Mt Moises, above Ambabu (?Ambabok), 15/16-Apr-1926. Endemic to Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (Mt Moises). Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11).
  3. Chionanthus coriaceus (S.Vidal) Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu, Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 4 (1998) 129; --Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3974; --Linociera coriacea S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 181; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303; --Type: Vidal 1468 (MA, holo; A, iso), Philippines. --Linociera paludosa King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng. 742 (1905) 268; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304. --Linociera urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1656; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 305. --Linociera phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 48; EPFP 4 (1925) 254; --Type: Loher 14222 (UC, holo), Luzon: Rizal Prov, Bantol, Mar-1913. --Linociera leuterioi Merr., ined.?; --Voucher: FB 25926 E. Leuterio (NY), Luzon: Bulacan Prov, Jun-1916. Lanyu, Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Apayao, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN, PANAY, MINDANAO: Lanao, Agusan del Norte. Lowland primary forests. Photos
  4. Chionanthus grandifolius (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 37 (1984) 210; --Linociera grandifolia Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1657; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303; --Type: Elmer 13425 (K, lecto; A, BM, GH, L, NY, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte Prov, Mt Urdaneta. Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. MINDANAO, in the Philippines known only from the type. The Malayan collection (in flower), is deemed identical with the one from Mindanao (in fruit) on vegetative grounds.
  5. Chionanthus luzonicus Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 319; --Type: Unknown (L), Philippines. Endemic to Philippines.
  6. Chionanthus macrobotrys (Merr.) Kiew, J. Arnold Arbor. 64 (1983) 620; --Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak 4 (2002) 134; --Linociera macrobotrys Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) 117; --Type: from Borneo. --Linociera scandens Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 189; --Type: BS 45740 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, ?lost; possible candidates for lecto: A, NY, US), Luzon: Quirino Prov, Mt Alzapan, forested slopes, c. 1700m, 21-May-1925. Borneo, Philippines.
  7. Chionanthus nitidus (Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 472; --Linociera nitida Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 339; EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Type: BS 15406 Reillo (US, holo; BM, K, iso), Basilan. Endemic to Philippines. BASILAN. Primary forests at low or medium elevation.
  8. Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814); Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 106; --Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 473; --Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall., Cat. (1831) no. 2824; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304. --Linociera cumingiana S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 185; --Type: Cuming 972 (W), Philippines. India (E part), Bangladesh, Andamans, Tenasserim, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, Taiwan, throughout Malesia to Australia (Queensland) and Solomon Islands. Photos
  9. Chionanthus remotinervius (Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 474; --Linociera remotinervia Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 324; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 305; --Type: BS 29933 (US, holo; A, BM, K, L, iso), Luzon: Pangasinan Prov, Mt San Isidro Labrador, open grassy slopes near forest edge, c. 300m, Nov-1917. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (Palanan, ISU 434 & 438, L), Pangasinan (Mt San Isidro Labrador), Zambales (Masinloc, along Lawis River, PNH 191386 Busemeyer, Ippolito & Barcelona). Open grassy slopes near forest edge, also along streams, near sea-level to 600m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11).

Fraxinus L.

Photos
  1. Fraxinus griffithii C.B.Clarke in Hook., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 605; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303. --Fraxinus philippinensis Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 57. Bangladesh eastwards to Taiwan and Japan, Java, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Cagayan, Pampanga (Mt Pinatubo), Bataan, Rizal, Laguna. Medium elevation forests. Photos

Jasminum L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 November 2020

Photos
  1. Jasminum apoense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2791; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Type: Elmer 11953 (L, lecto; BM, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao (Mt Apo), Agusan del Norte. Medium elevation damp primary forests, ascending to 1350m.
  2. Jasminum batanensis Kiew, Sandakania 4 (1994) 75; --Type: Bartlett 15387 (PNH, holo; A, MICH, iso), Batanes Isl Group: Ibuhos Isl, 19-Jul-1935. Endemic to the Philippines. BATANES: Ibuhos Isl, Itbayat Isl. Photos
  3. Jasminum crassifolium Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 679; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: Blume 222 (L, lecto; A, iso). --Jasminum rotundifolium Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2792; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Type: Elmer 10571 (A, BM, BISH, CAL, E, GH, K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, dense woods at 4000ft (3937m), S of Kalelan, May-1909. --Jasminum triplinervium Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 223; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Type: FB 13557 Meyer & Foxworthy, Negros: Negros Occidental Prov, Faraon, in forest, 10-Sep-1909. Java, Borneo, Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, PALAWAN, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Lowland and medium elevation forests, ascending to c. 1200m. Photos
  4. Jasminum cumingii Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 223; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: Cuming 1565 (K, lecto; A, BM, iso), Philippines. Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PANAY. Lowland and medium elevation primary forests.
  5. Jasminum didymum G.Forst., Prodr. (1786) 3; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: not from the Philippines.
  6. Jasminum dolichopetalum Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 120; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 366; --Type: BS 995 Ramos (GH, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal Prov, Bosoboso, Jun-1906. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Rizal, LEYTE, SAMAR. Medium elevation primary forests. Photos
  7. Jasminum elongatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd., Sp. Pl. 1 (1797) 37; --Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 356; --Nyctanthes elongata P.J.Bergius, Philos. Trans. 61 (1772) 289. --Jasminum aemulum R.Br., Prodr. (1810) 521; --Soejarto et al. 1995. Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan. --Jasminum bifarium Wall. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 60 (1837); --DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 305; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306. Australia, Bhutan, China, India, Indochina, Malesia, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines.
  8. Jasminum grandiflorum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1762) 9; --Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 128; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 365; EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 338. Native of India. Widely cultivated ornamental in the Philippines but not naturalized.
  9. Jasminum ixoroides Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 511; --Type: Elmer 8731 (E, lecto; CAL, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet Prov, Baguio, Mar-1907. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON.
  10. Jasminum macrocarpum Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 258; --C.B.Rob., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 219; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: Merrill 2326 (K, lecto; US, iso), Luzon: Rizal Prov, Tanay, May-1903; BS 1073 Ramos (GH, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal Prov, Bosoboso, Jul-1906; --BS 3091 Ahern’s collector (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal Prov, May/Jun-1905; Whitford 394 (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Bataan Prov, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, Jun-1904. Vietnam, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Benguet, Bataan, Rizal, POLILLO. Low and medium elevation primary forests, in Benguet ascending to 2000m.
  11. Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andrews, Bot. Repos. 8 (1807) t. 496; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 366; EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 338; --Nyctanthes multiflora Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 5. Native of India and Nepal. Occasionally cultivated in the Philippines for ornamental purposes but not naturalized.
  12. Jasminum oliganthum Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 187; --Type: BS 45541 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; BM, NY, SING, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora Prov, Casiguran, in damp forests, along streams at low elevation, 11-Jun-1925; BS 46957 Ramos & Edaño (NY, syn); BS 47118 Ramos & Edaño (A, NY, syn), Luzon: Isabela Prov, San Mariano, forests at low elevation, 18-Feb-1926. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano), Aurora (Casiguran). Lowland forests.
  13. Jasminum populifolium Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1850) 276; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 222; EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Type: Herb. Delersert s.n. (L, holo), Manila. --Jasminum luzoniense S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 185; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 180; --Type: Cuming 1029 (L, lecto; A, BM, K, iso). Endemic to Philippines. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Abra, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, Rizal, Cavite, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, CUYO, DUMARAN, CATANDUANES, MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, BOHOL, MINDANAO. Lowland and montane thickets and forests, ascending to 2000m in Benguet. Frequently in coastal and tidal stream thickets. Photos
  14. Jasminum pseudopinnatum Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 119; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Type: BS 1111 Ramos (PNH, lecto; CAL, GH, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal Prov, Bosoboso, Jul-1906. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Medium elevation forests and thickets.
  15. Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton, Hort. Kew 1 (1789) 8; --Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 127; --S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 32; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 365; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 305; EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 339; --Nyctanthes sambac L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 6; --Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 9; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 6; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 1 (1877) 12. --Jasminum blancoi Hassk., Flora 47 (1864) 49. Native of the Arabian region, now pantropical in distribution. Commonly cultivated throughout the Philippines for ornamental purposes but not naturalized. Photos
  16. Jasminum simplicifolium G.Forst., Prodr. (1786) 3; --Type: from Tonga. Photos

Ligustrum L.

Photos
  1. Ligustrum cumingianum Decne., Nuov. Arch. Mus. Paris ii, 2 (1879) 28; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Kiew, Blumea 24 (1978) 146; --Type: Cuming 1213 (BM, K, L, iso), Luzon. --Ligustrum glabrinerve Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3208; --Type: Elmer 22247 (BM, GH 3 sheets, K, L, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, MINDORO. Primary forests, lowland to 2000m. Photos
  2. Ligustrum glomeratum Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1850) 314; --Kiew, Blumea 24 (1978) 147. --Ligustrum pubinerve Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1850) 314; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 305; --Type: from Java. Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, MINDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Photos
  3. Ligustrum stenophyllum Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 188; --Type: BS 47153 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, K, iso), Luzon, Isabela Prov, San Mariano, 16-Mar-1926, Clemens 16782 (syn), Luzon: Isabela Prov, Mt Moises, forested streams, c. 400m, 16 to 23-Apr-1926. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Known only from two collections in the type locality. Forest streams at 400m.

 Linociera Swartz = Chionanthus & Olea

Myxopyrum Blume

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 2 January 2020

No Photos
  1. Myxopyrum nervosum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 683; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Kiew, Blumea 29 (1984) 505; --Type: from Java.
  2. Myxopyrum ovatum A.W.Hill, Kew Bull. (1910) 41; --Kiew, Blumea 29 (1984) 507. --Myxopyrum macrolobum A.W.Hill, Kew Bull. (1910) 42; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Type: from New Guinea. --Myxopyrum philippinensis Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1483; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Type: Elmer 12333 (K, NY, US, iso), Sibuyan.

Olea L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 18 August 2017

Photos
  1. Olea borneensis Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1899) 332; --Kiew, Blumea 25 (1999) 90; --Type: from Indonesia. --Mayepea pallida Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 58; --Linociera pallida (Merr.) Merr., PJS 1, suppl. (1906) 116, nom. illeg., auct. non. K.Schum. & Lauterb; --Linociera philippinensis Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 304. --Olea gitingensis (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 51 (1999) 90; --Linociera gitingensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1653; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Type: Elmer 12290 (US, lecto; GH, K, L, isolecto). --Linociera longifolia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 431; EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Type: FB 20626 Miranda (US, iso), Mindanao: Lanao del Norte Prov, Balut River, 14-Jun-1913. Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Cagayan, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Camarines, MINDORO, PALAWAN, GUIMARAS, SIBUYAN, MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao del Norte. Primary forests, chiefly at medium elevation. Photos
  2. Olea javanica (Blume) Knobl., Bot. Centralbl. 61 (1895) 134; --Pachyderma javanicum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 13 (1826) 682. --Type: from Indonesia. Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Sumatra, Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte Prov, Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta; Elmer 14198).
  3. Olea luzonica Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 68 (2016) 97; --Olea obovata (Merr.) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 51 (1999) 94, nom. illeg.; --Linociera obovata Merr. ex Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1652, nom. nud.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Type: BS 15014 Ramos (PNH, holo, ?lost; K, iso). Endemic to Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Tayabas. Medium elevation primary forests.
  4. Olea palawanensis Kiew, Blumea 38 (1993) 127; --Type: SMHI 1827 Ridsdale (L, holo), Palawan: Narra, Victoria Peaks, Trident Mining Company Concession, regrowth and disturbed forest on ultrabasic soils, 100-200m, 22-May-1984. Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN: Mt Bloomfield; Victoria Peaks. Open, disturbed vegetation on ultramafics, low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Photos
  5. Olea rubrovenia (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 51 (1999) 95; --Linociera rubrovenia Elmer, LPB 2 (1909) 586; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 305; --Type: Elmer 10224 (US, lecto; A, E, K, L, isolecto). Borneo, Philippines. NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao, Bukidnon, Agusan. Damp primary forests, 1000-1400m. Photos

Insertae sedis:

  1. Linociera racemosa (Merr.) Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 116; EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Mayepea racemosa Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 58; --Type: FB 3042 Borden (K, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Bataan Prov, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, May-1905. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon. Medium elevation primary forests. Note by P.B. Pelser (15-Jul-20): it is presently unclear to me if this species should be transfered to Olea or Chionanthus.

Acknowledgements

Mark Gregory Q. Rule, Danilo Tandang, and Leonardo Udasco kindly provided a number of photographs found on this webpage.

Literature

DENR Administrative Order. 2017. Updated national list of threatened Philippine plants and their categories. DAO 2017-11

Green, PS. 2002. A revision of Olea L. (Oleaceae). Kew Bulletin 57: 91-140.

Kiew, R. 1978. Florae Malesianae Praecursores LVII. The Oleaceae of Malesia. 1. The genus Ligustrum. Blumea 24: 143-149

Kiew, R. 1979. Florae Malesianae Praecursores LX. The Oleaceae of Malesia. II. The genus Olea. Blumea 25: 305-313

Kiew, R. 1984. The genus Myxopyrum L. Blumea 29: 499-512

Kiew, R. 1993. Olea palawanensis (Oleaceae), a new species from the Philippines. Blumea 38: 127-128

Kiew, R. 1994. Checklist of Jasminum species (Oleaceae) in Malesia. Sandakania 5: 1-14.

Kiew, R. 1998. Name changes for Malesian species of Chionanthus (Oleaceae). Blumea 43: 471-477

Kiew, R. 1999. Reappraisal of Olea species in Malesia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 51: 85-98

Kiew, R. 2016. Olea luzonica (Oleaceae), a new name for O. obovata from the Philippines. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 68: 97-98

Kiew, R & JPC Tan. 2020. A revision of Jasminum (Oleaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, with conservation assessments. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 77: 337-376.

Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org

Copyright © 2011, Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines

Last updated 7 November 2020