Chionanthus L.

1. Chionanthus clementis (Quisumb. & Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 472; --Linociera clementis Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 189; --Type: Clemens 16785 (UC, holo), Luzon: Isabela prov., Mt Moises, above Ambabu (?Ambabok), 15/16-Apr-1926. Endemic to Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (Mt Moises). Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11).
2. Chionanthus coriaceus (S.Vidal) Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu, Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 4 (1998) 129; --Linociera coriacea S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 181; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303; --Type: Vidal 1468 (MA, holo; A, iso), Philippines. --Linociera paludosa King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng. 742 (1905) 268; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304. --Linociera urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1656; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 305. --Linociera phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 48; EPFP 4 (1925) 254; --Type: Loher 14222 (UC, holo), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bantol, Mar-1913. --Linociera leuterioi Merr., ined.?; --Voucher: FB 25926 E. Leuterio (NY), Luzon: Bulacan prov., Jun-1916. Lanyu, Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Apayao, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN, PANAY, MINDANAO: Lanao, Agusan del Norte. Lowland primary forests. Photos
3. Chionanthus grandifolius (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 37 (1984) 210; --Linociera grandifolia Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1657; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303; --Type: Elmer 13425 (K, lecto; A, BM, GH, L, NY, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta. Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. MINDANAO, in the Philippines known only from the type. The Malayan collection (in flower), is deemed identical with the one from Mindanao (in fruit) on vegetative grounds.
4. Chionanthus luzonicus Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 319; --Type: Unknown (L), Philippines. Endemic to Philippines.
5. Chionanthus nitidus (Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 472; --Linociera nitida Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 339; EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Type: BS 15406 Reillo (US, holo; BM, K, iso), Basilan. Endemic to Philippines. BASILAN. Primary forests at low or medium elevation.
6. Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814); Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 106; --Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 473; --Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall., Cat. (1831) no. 2824; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304. --Linociera cumingiana S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 185; --Type: Cuming 972 (W), Philippines. India (E part), Bangladesh, Andamans, Tenasserim, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, Taiwan, throughout Malesia to Australia (Queensland) and Solomon Islands. Photos
7. Chionanthus remotinervius (Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 474; --Linociera remotinervia Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 324; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 305; --Type: BS 29933 (US, holo; A, BM, K, L, iso), Luzon: Pangasinan prov., Mt San Isidro Labrador, open grassy slopes near forest edge, c. 300m, Nov-1917. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (Palanan, ISU 434 & 438, L), Pangasinan (Mt San Isidro Labrador), Zambales (Masinloc, along Lawis River, PNH 191386 Busemeyer, Ippolito & Barcelona). Open grassy slopes near forest edge, also along streams, near sea-level to 600m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11).

Unplaced:

1. Chionanthus acuminatissimus (Merr.) ined.; --Linociera acuminatissima Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 312; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1651; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303; --Type: Merrill, Philip. Pl. 1245 (GH, syn), Palawan, May-1913. Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Along beaches and forests immediately behind mangroves.
2. Chionanthus racemosus (Merr.) ined.; --Linociera racemosa (Merr.) Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 116; EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Mayepea racemosa Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 58; --Type: FB 3042 Borden (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, May-1905. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon. Medium elevation primary forests.

Fraxinus L.

1. Fraxinus griffithii C.B.Clarke in Hook., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 605; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303. --Fraxinus philippinensis Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 57. Bangladesh eastwards to Taiwan and S Japan, Java, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Cagayan, Pampanga (Mt Pinatubo), Bataan, Rizal, Laguna. Medium elevation forests. Photos

Jasminum L.

1. Jasminum apoense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2791; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Type: Elmer 11953 (L, lecto; BM, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao (Mt Apo), Agusan del Norte. Medium elevation damp primary forests, ascending to 1350m.
2. Jasminum batanensis Kiew, Sandakania 4 (1994) 75; --Type: Bartlett 15387 (PNH, holo; A, MICH, iso), Batanes Isl Group: Ibuhos Isl, 19-Jul-1935. Endemic to the Philippines. BATANES: Ibuhos Isl, Itbayat Isl. Photos
3. Jasminum crassifolium Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 679; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: Blume 222 (L, lecto; A, iso). --Jasminum rotundifolium Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2792; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Type: Elmer 10571 (A, BM, BISH, CAL, E, GH, K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, dense woods at 4000ft (3937m), S of Kalelan, May-1909. --Jasminum triplinervium Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 223; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Type: FB 13557 Meyer & Foxworthy, Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Faraon, in forest, 10-Sep-1909. Java, Borneo, Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, PALAWAN, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Lowland and medium elevation forests, ascending to c. 1200m. Photos
4. Jasminum cumingii Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 223; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: Cuming 1565 (K, lecto; A, BM, iso), Philippines. Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PANAY. Lowland and medium elevation primary forests.
5. Jasminum didymum G.Forst., Prodr. (1786) 3; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: not from the Philippines.
   
   • ssp. didymum. --Jasminum triphyllum Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 223. --Soejarto et al. 1995. Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan; --Type: BS 261 Bermejos (K, lecto; CAL, NY, US, iso), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Dec-1905. Java to tropical Australia, New Caledonia and Polynesia. PALAWAN, NEGROS, GUIMARAS. Lowland thickets.
6. Jasminum elongatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd., Sp. Pl. 1 (1797) 37; --Nyctanthes elongata P.J.Bergius, Philos. Trans. 61 (1772) 289. --Jasminum aemulum R.Br., Prodr. (1810) 521; --Soejarto et al. 1995. Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan. --Jasminum bifarium Wall. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 60 (1837); --DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 305; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306. Nepal to S. China and N. Australia.
7. Jasminum grandiflorum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1762) 9; --Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 128; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 365; EPFP 3 (1923) 307. Native of India. Widely cultivated ornamental in the Philippines but nowhere spontaneous.
8. Jasminum ixoroides Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 511; --Type: Elmer 8731 (E, lecto; CAL, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar-1907. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON.
9. Jasminum longipetalum King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74 (1906) 262. --Jasminum dolichopetalum Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 120; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: BS 995 Ramos (GH, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Jun-1906. China to Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines to N. Australia. LUZON: Cagayan, Rizal, LEYTE, SAMAR. Medium elevation primary forests. Photos
10. Jasminum macrocarpum Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 258; --C.B.Rob., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 219; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Type: Merrill 2326 (K, lecto; US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Tanay, May-1903; BS 1073 Ramos (GH, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Jul-1906; --BS 3091 Ahern’s collector (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal prov., May/Jun-1905; Whitford 394 (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, Jun-1904. Vietnam, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Benguet, Bataan, Rizal, POLILLO. Low and medium elevation primary forests, in Benguet ascending to 2000m.
11. Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Bot. Repos. 8 (1807) t. 496; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 366; EPFP 3 (1923) 307; --Nyctanthes multiflora Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 5. Native of India. Occasionally cultivated in the Philippines for ornamental purposes but nowhere spontaneous.
12. Jasminum oliganthum Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 187; --Type: BS 45541 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; BM, NY, SING, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora prov., Casiguran, in damp forests, along streams at low elevation, 11-Jun-1925; BS 46957 Ramos & Edaño (NY, syn); BS 47118 Ramos & Edaño (A, NY, syn), Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano, forests at low elevation, 18-Feb-1926. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano), Aurora (Casiguran). Lowland forests.
13. Jasminum populifolium Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1850) 276; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 222; EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Type: Herb. Delersert s.n. (L, holo), Manila. --Jasminum luzoniense S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 185; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 180; --Type: Cuming 1029 (L, lecto; A, BM, K, iso). Endemic to Philippines. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Abra, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, Rizal, Cavite, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, CUYO, DUMARAN, CATANDUANES, MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, BOHOL, MINDANAO. Lowland and montane thickets and forests, ascending to 2000m in Benguet. Frequently in coastal and tidal stream thickets. Photos
14. Jasminum pseudopinnatum Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 119; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Type: BS 1111 Ramos (PNH, lecto; CAL, GH, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Jul-1906. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Medium elevation forests and thickets.
15. Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton, Hort. Kew 1 (1789) 8; --Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 127; --S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 32; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 365; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 305; EPFP 3 (1923) 308; --Nyctanthes sambac L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 6; --Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 9; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 6; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 1 (1877) 12. --Jasminum blancoi Hassk., Flora 47 (1864) 49. Native of tropical Asia, now pantropical in distribution. Commonly cultivated throughout the Philippines for ornamental purposes but nowhere spontaneous. Photos
16. Jasminum simplicifolium G.Forst., Prodr. (1786) 3; --Type: from Tonga. Photos
    
    • ssp. australiense P.S.Green, Allertonia 3 (1984) 419; --Type: from Australia. --Jasminum aculeatum (Blanco) Walp. ex Hassk., Flora 47 (1864) 50; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Mogorium aculeatum Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 9. --Jasminum truncatum Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 259; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 309; --Type: Merrill 5286 (NY, US, iso), Sibutu Isl, 13-Oct-1906. Philippines to Australia. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Benguet, Zambales, Tarlac, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN, NEGROS, SIQUIJOR, CEBU, BILIRAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO: SIBUTU. Low and medium elevation thickets. Often common.

Ligustrum L.

1. Ligustrum cumingianum Decne., Nuov. Arch. Mus. Paris ii, 2 (1879) 28; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Kiew, Blumea 24 (1978) 146; --Type: Cuming 1213 (BM, K, L, iso), Luzon. --Ligustrum glabrinerve Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3208; --Type: Elmer 22247 (BM, GH 3 sheets, K, L, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, MINDORO. Primary forests, lowland to 2000m. Photos
2. Ligustrum glomeratum Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1850) 314; --Kiew, Blumea 24 (1978) 147. --Ligustrum pubinerve Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1850) 314; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 305; --Type: from Java. S Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea. LUZON, MINDORO, PALAWAN, MINDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO.
3. Ligustrum stenophyllum Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 188; --Type: BS 47153 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, K, iso), Luzon, Isabela prov., San Mariano, 16-Mar-1926, Clemens 16782 (syn), Luzon: Isabela prov., Mt Moises, forested streams, c. 400m, 16 to 23-Apr-1926. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Known only from two collections in the type locality. Forest streams at 400m.

 Linociera Swartz = Chionanthus & Olea

Myxopyrum Blume

1. Myxopyrum nervosum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 683; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Kiew, Blumea 29 (1984) 505; --Type: from Java.
   
   • ssp. nervosum. Peninsular Malaysia, Nias, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (E Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Halmahera), W New Guinea (Bird’s Head peninsula). PALAWAN.
2. Myxopyrum ovatum A.W.Hill, Kew Bull. (1910) 41; --Kiew, Blumea 29 (1984) 507. --Myxopyrum macrolobum A.W.Hill, Kew Bull. (1910) 42; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Type: from New Guinea. --Myxopyrum philippinensis Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1483; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 306; --Type: Elmer 12333 (K, NY, US, iso), Sibuyan.
   
   • ssp. ovatum. New Britain, Admiralty, New Guinea (Papua), Kai, Seram, Talaud, Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, Batangas, Camarines, SIBUYAN, BOHOL, LEYTE. Low elevation thickets and forests.
3. Myxopyrum scandens (Quisumb. & Merr.) ined.; --Linociera scandens Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 189; --Type: BS 45740 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, ?lost; possible candidates for lecto: NY, A, US), Luzon: Quirino prov., Mt Alzapan, forested slopes, c. 1700m, 21-May-1925. L.L.Co: Although originally described as a Linociera (which should place this under Chionanthus or Olea), I tentatively place this under Myxopyrum on account of the scandent habit and terminal position of the inflorescence. Must be compared with Myxopyrum enerve Steenis of Sarawak where it seems to be most closely allied.

Olea L.

1. Olea borneensis Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1899) 332; --Kiew, Blumea 25 (1999) 90; --Type: from Indonesia. --Mayepea pallida Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 58; --Linociera pallida (Merr.) Merr., PJS 1, suppl. (1906) 116, nom. illeg., auct. non. K.Schum. & Lauterb; --Linociera philippinensis Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 304. --Olea gitingensis (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 51 (1999) 90; --Linociera gitingensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1653; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Type: Elmer 12290 (US, lecto; GH, K, L, isolecto). --Linociera longifolia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 431; EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Type: FB 20626 Miranda (US, iso), Mindanao: Lanao del Norte prov., Balut River, 14-Jun-1913. Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Cagayan, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Camarines, MINDORO, PALAWAN, GUIMARAS, SIBUYAN, MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao del Norte. Primary forests, chiefly at medium elevation. Photos
2. Olea javanica (Blume) Knobl., Bot. Centralbl. 61 (1895) 134; --Pachyderma javanicum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 13 (1826) 682. --Type: from Indonesia. Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Sumatra, Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte prov., Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta; Elmer 14198).
3. Olea luzonica Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 68 (2016) 97; --Olea obovata (Merr.) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 51 (1999) 94, nom. illeg.; --Linociera obovata Merr. ex Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1652, nom. nud.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304; --Type: BS 15014 Ramos (PNH, holo, ?lost; K, iso). Endemic to Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Tayabas. Medium elevation primary forests.
4. Olea palawanensis Kiew, Blumea 38 (1993) 127; --Type: SMHI 1827 Ridsdale (L, holo), Palawan: Narra, Victoria Peaks, Trident Mining Company Concession, regrowth and disturbed forest on ultrabasic soils, 100-200m, 22-May-1984. Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN: Mt Bloomfield; Victoria Peaks. Open, disturbed vegetation on ultramafics, low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Photos
5. Olea rubrovenia (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 51 (1999) 95; --Linociera rubrovenia Elmer, LPB 2 (1909) 586; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 305; --Type: Elmer 10224 (US, lecto; A, E, K, L, isolecto). Borneo, Philippines. NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao, Bukidnon, Agusan. Damp primary forests, 1000-1400m. Photos

Literature

Kiew, R. 1993. Olea palawanensis (Oleaceae), a new species from the Philippines. Blumea 38: 127-128

Kiew, R. 1994. Checklist of Jasminum species (Oleaceae) in Malesia. Sandakania 5: 1-14.

Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org

Copyright © 2011, Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines

Last updated 3 March 2018