Sapindaceae

Acer L.

1. Acer laurinum Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10 (1843) 138. = Acer niveum Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 193; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 493; Bloembergen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1948) 3; Kostermans, Reinwardtia 7 (1965) 142. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BOHOL, CEBU (photos), LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur (photos), Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon (photos), Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Bukidnon, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte (photos), NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Primary montane forests. Descending to low elevation in ultramafic sites. 400-2400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Alectryon Gaertn.

1. Alectryon fuscus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 461; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 318; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 456; Type: Ahern 747 (M, holo; BO, NY, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Ilocos Sur, PANAY (photos). Notes: Low elevation thickets and forests. Fr. Jan. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Alectryon glaber (Blume) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1879) 84; Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 323; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 459; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; ≡ Spanoghea glabra Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 174; Type: from the Lesser Sunda Isls. = Alectryon excisus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 460; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Type: Ahern 470 (M, holo; BO, iso). = Alectryon inaequilaterus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 459; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Type: Merrill 5393 (M, holo). = Alectryon ochraceus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 460; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Type: FB 17455 Curran (M, holo). Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BANTAYAN (photos), BUCAS GRANDE (photos), CEBU, LUZON: Camarines Norte, MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, PONEAS, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI, TINAGO, UBIAN. Notes: Coralline limestone cliffs along seashore, thickets and forests. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Allophylus L.

1. Allophylus apiocarpus Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 38 (1908) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, CEBU, MINDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Thickets or forests at low elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Allophylus brevipetiolaris Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 449; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. Notes: Slopes in open forests at low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Allophylus chlorocarpus Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 38 (1908) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Old clearings, thickets, etc., ascending to 700m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Allophylus cobbe (L.) Forsyth f., Bot. Nomencl. (1794) 226; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 459; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 990; ≡ Ornitrophe cobbe (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 2 (1799) 322; ≡ Rhus cobbe L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 267. Distribution: Africa, Indochina through Malay Peninsula to New Guinea, Madagascar, Myanmar, S America. ALABAT, BALUT, BASILAN, BORACAY (photos), BUYAYAO (photos), CAPUL, CATANDUANES, CAWILI, CEBU, DANJUGAN, LAGEN, LEYTE, LUBANG, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINASAWA, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, South Cotabato, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, PUJADA, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TABLAS, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Widespread in the Philippines in most islands and provinces. All species of Allophylus were lumped by Leenhouts to this single, very polymorphic species. 0-5m (photos). Native.
5. Allophylus dimorphus Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 126 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 56); Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Indochina, Philippines. CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Zambales, MINDORO. Notes: Dry thickets and second-growth forests at low elevation. Common. Native.
6. Allophylus filiger Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 126 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 56); Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 495. = Allophylus dasythyrsus Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 38 (1908) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Rizal. Notes: Secondary and primary forests at low elevation, ascending to 500m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1, as Allophylus dasythyrsus). Native.
7. Allophylus granulatus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 451; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, MINDORO. Notes: Forested slopes at low and medium elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Allophylus grossedentatus (Turcz.) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 51; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 495; ≡ Schmidelia grossedentata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 401. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao, POLILLO. Notes: Forests at low elevation, ascending to 500m. Native.
9. Allophylus hymenocalyx Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 38 (1908) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga. Notes: Forests up to 1000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
10. Allophylus insignis Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 38 (1908) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 495; Type: Cuming 1447, Luzon: Nueva Ecija. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija. Notes: Also in Palawan (Radlk., 1908). Probably very close to Allophylus dimorphus Radlk. (Merr. 1923). Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
11. Allophylus largifolius Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 38 (1908) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Forested ravines at low elevation. Native.
12. Allophylus leptocladus Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1602; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao. Notes: Forests, 1200-1600m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
13. Allophylus leucochrous Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 444; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, POLILLO. Notes: Thickets and forests at low and medium elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
14. Allophylus lopezii Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 469; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 249; Type: BS 41387 Lopez. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUSUANGA, PALAWAN. Notes: Forests at low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
15. Allophylus macrostachys Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 56; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, BILIRAN, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Secondary and open primary forests at low elevation. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
16. Allophylus malvaceus Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 38 (1908) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 496; Type: Cuming 1021. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Bulacan, Pangasinan. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
17. Allophylus peduncularis Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 450; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, MASBATE, TICAO. Notes: Thickets and forests at low elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
18. Allophylus racemosus (L.) Radlk., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (Engler & Prantl) 3(5) (1895) 313, nom. illeg., non Sw.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 496; ≡ Schmidelia racemosa L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 67. Distribution: Indochina, Malesia. BASILAN, LUZON: Bulacan, MINDANAO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Thickets and forests at low elevation. Native.
19. Allophylus samarensis Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 192; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Forested slopes, c. 200m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
20. Allophylus setulosus Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 58; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. JOLO, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Thickets at low elevation. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
21. Allophylus simplex Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 44, nom. illeg., non Baill.; Type: Merrill 7262, Palawan: Palawan, Malampaya Bay, low elevation forests, 18-Sep-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forests. Native.
22. Allophylus simplicifolius Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1601; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, SIARGAO. Notes: Forests up to 500m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
23. Allophylus stenophyllus Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 417; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 497. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos, Ilocos Norte. Notes: Dry thickets at low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
24. Allophylus subincisodentatus Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1603; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 497. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Surigao. Notes: Thickets and forests at low and medium elevation, ascending to 1000m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
25. Allophylus ternatus (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Radlk., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (Engler & Prantl) 3(5) (1895) 313; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 497; ≡ Aporetica ternata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1776) 132; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 290. Distribution: Australia, Borneo to Pacific Ocean, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BASILAN, DUMARAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Bulacan, Camarines, NCR, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO, TICAO. Notes: Thickets along the seashore and along tidal streams. Native.
26. Allophylus timoriensis (DC.) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 130; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 497; ≡ Schmidelia timoriensis DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 1 (1824) 611; Type: from Timor. = Allophylus litoralis Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 124. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. BALABAC, BANCALAN, BASILAN, BOHOL, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS (photos), LUZON: Camarines, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Common in thickets along the seashore. Native.
27. Allophylus triphyllus (Burm.f.) Merr., PJS 19 (1921) 363; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 497; ≡ Usubis triphylla Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) (1768) 89; Type: from Java. Distribution: Malesia. BASILAN, JOLO, LUZON: Cagayan, PALAWAN. Notes: Thickets at low elevation. Native.
28. Allophylus unifoliolatus Radlk., LPB 1 (1907) 208; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 498. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: Forests and thickets at low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Arytera Blume

1. Arytera litoralis Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 170; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 512; ≡ Arytera xerocarpa (Blume) Adelb., Blumea 6 (1948) 324, nom. illeg., nom. superfl.; ≡ Euphoria xerocarpa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 234, nom. illeg.; Type: from Indonesia. = Arytera litoralis forma rufescens (Turcz.) Radlk. ex Gibbs, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42 (1914) 65; Turner, Blumea 38 (1993) 142; Turner in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 473; ≡ Ratonia rufescens (Turcz.) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 52; ≡ Zygolepis rufescens Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21 (1848) 574. Distribution: China, India, Philippines. BILIRAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: All over SE Asia and across Malesia; throughout the Philippines. P.B. Pelser (7-May-2022): Turner (1993) explains that Euphoria xerocarpa Blume is an illegitimae combination, because the name Euphoria is an illegitimate name. 0-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cardiospermum L. (Not native)

1. Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 336; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 493; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 484. = Cardiospermum halicacabum var. microcarpum (Kunth) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 185; ≡ Cardiospermum microcarpum Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (H.B.K.), quarto Ed. 5 (1821) 104. Distribution: Pantropic. LUZON: Batangas (photos), Cagayan (photos), MINDORO (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: Certainly an introduced plant in the Philippines. In thickets, waste places, etc. in the settled areas throughout the archipelago. Naturalized.

Cubilia Blume

1. Cubilia cubili (Blanco) Adelb., Blumea 6 (1948) 325; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 491; ≡ Euphoria cubili Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 287. = Cubilia blancoi Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 101; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 505. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests. 0-600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Dictyoneura Blume

1. Dictyoneura acuminata Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 163; Dijk, Blumea 31 (1986) 441; Dijk in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 508; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194. Distribution: BASILAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, DINAGAT (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: 0-1000(-1700)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. acuminata. = Dictyoneura philippinensis Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1613; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 510. = Dictyoneura rhomboidea Radlk., PJS 6c (1911) 182; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 510; Type: BS 10359 R.C. McGregor (US, iso), Polillo. = Dictyoneura sphaerocarpa Radlk., LPB 1 (1907) 209; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 510; Type: Elmer 7157 (L, iso), Leyte: Leyte, Palo, Jan-1906. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary and secondary forests. 0-1000(-1700)m. Native.

Dimocarpus Lour.

1. Dimocarpus cinereus (Turcz.) Boonsuk & Chantar., Novon 25 (2017) 134; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; ≡ Euphoria cinerea (Turcz.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8 (1878) 299; ≡ Dimocarpus longan ssp. malesianus Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 126; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 517; ≡ Sapindus cinereus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 402; Type: Cuming 1131 (?LE, lecto; BM, C, FI, K, L), Luzon: Ilocos. Distribution: BASILAN, CORON, GENERAL ISLAND (photos), HOMONHON, LUZON: Bataan, Pampanga, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 0-200(-600)m. Native.
   • var. cinereus. = Euphoria gracilis Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1606; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 503; Type: Elmer 13482 (M, holo; A, BM, C, FI, L, LE, NY, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. = Dimocarpus longan ssp. malesianus var. malesianus Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 126. = Euphoria microcarpa Radlk., Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV (165) (1932) 907. = Euphoria longana Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 3 (1792) 574; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 305; Radlkofer, PJS 8c (1914) 445. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. CORON, LUZON: Bataan, Pampanga, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forests. Native.
   • var. echinatus (Leenh.) Boonsuk & Chantar., Novon 25 (2017) 138; ≡ Dimocarpus longan ssp. malesianus var. echinatus Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 128; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 519; ≡ Euphoria nephelioides Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 445; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 503; Type: Foxworthy, DeMesa & Villamil FB13775 (?PNH, holo; K, L, iso), Mindanao. = Nephelium schneideri Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 23. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, CORON, GENERAL ISLAND (photos), MINDANAO. Notes: 0-2m (photos). Native.
2. Dimocarpus foveolatus (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 118; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 513; ≡ Euphoria foveolata Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 445; Type: BS 7370 Ramos. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Dimocarpus fumatus (Blume) Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 119; ≡ Nephelium fumatum Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 111; ≡ Pseudonephelium fumatum (Blume) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 141; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 504. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Thailand. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 0-900m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. philippinensis Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 121; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 516. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Forest. 0-900m. Native.

Dodonaea Miller

1. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. (1760) 19. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, BUSUANGA (photos), CEBU, LOGBON, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur (photos), Mountain Province, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Norte, Misamis, Misamis Occidental, Sultan Kudarat (photos), MINDORO, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PAMALICAN, PANAY, POLILLO, POLO, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-90m. Native.
   • ssp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G.West, Brunonia 7 (1984) 39; ≡ Dodonaea angustifolia L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 218; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 523. Notes: Common pioneer of secondary vegetation at higher elevation: forest edges of lower montane forests, abandoned cultivation, shrubberies, thin forests, etc. Native.
   • ssp. viscosa; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 526; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 514, excl. synonym Dodonaea angustifolia. = Ptelea viscosa L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 118. Notes: Coastal vegetation behind sandy beach or in Barringtonia formation, limestone. Native.

Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk.

1. Elattostachys verrucosa (Blume) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 113 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 43); Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511; Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 533; ≡ Cupania verrucosa Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 161. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. CEBU, DALUPIRI, DINAGAT (photos), LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Euphorianthus Radlk.

1. Euphorianthus euneurus (Miq.) Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 198; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 536; ≡ Dysoxylum euneuron Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 22. = Euphorianthus obtusatus Radlk., Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 3 (1907) 206; Radlkofer, PJS 20 (1922) 660; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 510. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi. SEMIRARA. Notes: 0-1100m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Ganophyllum Blume

1. Ganophyllum falcatum Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 230; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 538; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 515. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Malesia, Nicobar Isls, Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, NCR, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: 0-700(-1200)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Glenniea Hook.f.

1. Glenniea philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 22 (1975) 412; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 542; ≡ Crossonephelis philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 21 (1973) 100; ≡ Hedyachras philippinensis Radlk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56 (1920) 258; Radlkofer, PJS 20 (1922) 660; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 502. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. DINAGAT, LUZON: Laguna, PANAY. Notes: Lowland thickets and forests along streams. Fl. Jun, Oct; fr. May-Dec. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
2. Glenniea thorelii (Pierre) Leenh., Blumea 22 (1975) 412; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 544; ≡ Cnemidiscus thorelii Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 20 (1895) t.320. = Lepisanthes palawanica Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1604; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 500; ≡ Crossonephelis palawanica (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 21 (1973) 97. = Alectryon sp. Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 88. Distribution: Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland primary forest on alluvial plains, slopes, or ridges, also along riverbanks. 0-200m. Fl. Apr, Oct, Dec; fr. Mar, Sep. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.

Gloeocarpus Radlk. (Endemic)

1. Gloeocarpus patentivalvis (Radlk.) Radlk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56 (1920) 253; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Blumea 35 (1991) 390; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 546; ≡ Cupaniopsis patentivalvis Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1612; Type: Elmer 9319 (PNH holo, lost; A, BM, FI, L, M, P, iso), Luzon: Tayabas, Lucban, May-1907. = Gloeocarpus crenatus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 465; Type: FB 17647 Curran (PNH holo, lost; K. M, NY, P, US, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Feb-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Surigao, SAMAR. Notes: Genus is endemic to the Philippines. Primary dipterocarp forest, along ridges, riverbanks. 60-400m. Fl. Jul; fr. Feb-Mar, May, Dec. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Gongrospermum Radlk. (Endemic)

1. Gongrospermum philippinense Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 447; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 512; Welzen, Rheedea 1 (1991) 60; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 548; Type: BS 12358 R.C. McGregor. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Laguna. Notes: Forested slopes, low elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.

Guioa Cav.

1. Guioa acuminata Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 463; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 171; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 563; Type: BS 10916 Ramos (M, lecto; US, isolecto). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUYAYAO (photos), LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Secondary forests. 0-100m. Fl. throughout the year. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
2. Guioa bicolor Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 279; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 507; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 181; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 566; Type: BS 34487 Ramos & Pascasio (PNH, holo, lost; A, K, P, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CALAYAN, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Quezon, Quirino, MINDANAO: Surigao, SABTANG. Notes: On ridges, woods, cut forest. Soil: iron deposit present. 130-850m. Fl. bud Apr, fr. May. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Guioa bijuga (Hiern) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1879) 108; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 183; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 567; ≡ Cupania pleuropteris var. bijuga Hiern, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 677. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. BALABAC, PALAWAN. Notes: 0-1525m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Guioa diplopetala (Hassk.) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 158; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 63; Radlkofer, PJS 8c (1914) 446; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 507; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 197; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 574; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 990; ≡ Cupania diplopetala Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) (1844) 224. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Surigao, SIARGAO. Notes: Van Welzen omitted the Philippines in the distribution range of the species, but Perkins (1904) and Merrill (1923) cite Ahern 514 from Surigao. In thickets or forests. 0-1700m. Native.
5. Guioa discolor Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1609; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 507; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 203; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 574; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Quezon, SAMAR. Notes: Primary dipterocarp forests. 90-850m. Fl. May-Jun. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
6. Guioa koelreuteria (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 241; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 507; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 219; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 576; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 50; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 37; ≡ Sapindus koelreuteria Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 289. = Guioa mindorensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 404; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 508. = Guioa salicifolia Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1608; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 509. = Koelreuteria arborea Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 202. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. CEBU, DANJUGAN, DINAGAT, GUIMARAS, HERMANA MAYOR, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, MINILOC, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, PONEAS, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines in most islands and provinces. Second-growth forests, common. 0-1350m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Guioa myriadenia Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1610; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 240; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 580. = Guioa falcata Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 461; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 507. = Guioa ferruginea Merr. ex Salvosa, Lex. Philipp. Trees 1 (1963) 105, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Voucher: BS 42181 Ramos. = Guioa obtusa Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 276; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 508; Type: BS 26636 Ramos (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Mt Dingalan, on forested slopes, c. 270m, 19-Sep-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, PANAY, SABTANG (photos). Notes: Primary forest, forested slopes, along pine crests. 270-1700m. Fl. Dec-Apr; fr. Jul. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
8. Guioa palawanica Welzen, Blumea 33 (1988) 415; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 583; Type: BS 697 Foxworthy (L, holo; M, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Mt Victoria, along rocky bank of river, 23-Mar-1906. ≠ Guioa glauca auct. non (Labill.) Radlk.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 507. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Forest on ultramafics, in stunted montane forest with many epiphytes, and along rivers. 200-815m. Fr. Nov-Mar. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
9. Guioa parvifoliola Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 417; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 508; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 252; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 583; Type: BS 33187 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; A, K, P, US, iso), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Mt Nagapatan, Aug-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Notes: Dry slopes. 700m. Fr. Aug. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
10. Guioa pleuropteris (Blume) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 109 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 39); Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 508; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 257; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 585. = Guioa aptera Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 62; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 506. = Guioa lasiothyrsa Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 63; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 508; ≡ Guioa lasiothyrsa forma elmeri Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1609. = Guioa subapiculata Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 64; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 509. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BUSUANGA, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forest. 0-1800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
11. Guioa pubescens (Zoll. & Moritzi) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 109 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 39); Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 272; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 591; ≡ Sapindus pubescens Zoll. & Moritzi, Syst. Verz. (Moritzi et al.) (1846) 22. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Java Sea, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra. PALAWAN. Notes: Forests. 0-1800m. Native.
12. Guioa reticulata Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 462; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 277; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 592; Type: BS 7055 Ramos (M, lecto; NSW, isolecto). = Guioa sulphurea Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 276; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Type: FB 22429 Alvarez (M, holo; F, L, NSW, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Benguet, Ilocos Sur, Nueva Ecija. Notes: Secondary forests and forested slopes. 600-1200m. Fl. Jan-Feb; fr. May. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
13. Guioa truncata Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1611; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 292; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 596; Type: Elmer 11219 (M, holo; A, BM, F, FI, K, L, NY, U, US, W, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, forest at 4000ft, Jul-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur. Notes: Dense moist forests and mossy forests. 1300-2300m. Fl. Mar; fr. Jul. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.

Harpullia Roxb.

1. Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 16 (1886) 404; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 515; Leenh. & Vente in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 601. = Harpullia arborea var. megalocarpa Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 35; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 253; Type: Loher 13273, Luzon: Rizal. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. AMBIL, BALABAC, BONGAO, BUYAYAO (photos), CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, ITBAYAT, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, PONEAS, SAMAL, TABLAS, TICAO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines especially in the more seasonal areas. Thickets and secondary forests. 0-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Harpullia cupanioides Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 442; Hort. Beng. (1814) 86, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 645; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 516; Leenh. & Vente in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 606; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 37. = Harpullia macrocalyx Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 473; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 516; Type: Loher 5891 (M, holo). Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indochina, Malesia, Myanmar, Thailand. BONGAO, CATANDUANES, CEBU (photos), DINAGAT, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Isabela, Laguna, Rizal, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIQUIJOR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Primary and secondary forests. 0-1200(-1800)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Harpullia ramiflora Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1879) 15; Leenh. & Vente in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 611; Type: from Aru Isls. Distribution: Australia, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. CATANDUANES, CEBU, LUZON: Camarines Sur. Notes: 0-200(-1950)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Lepidopetalum Blume

1. Lepidopetalum perrottetii (Cambess.) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 171; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 514; Welzen et al., Blumea 36 (1992) 458; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 624; ≡ Cupania perrottetii Cambess., Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 18 (1829) 45; Type: Perrottet s.n. (P, holo; L, P, iso), Zamboanga, not Manila. = Lachnopetalum glabrum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36 (1863) 586, nom. illeg.; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. (1885) 38, 105; Type: Cuming 1169 (holo lost?; L, M, MEL, NY, P, iso); Luzon: Ilocos Sur. = Cupania richii A.Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. (1854) 257; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 79; Type: US Expl. Exped. (A, holo; US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Caldera. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas (photos), Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY (photos), SIARGAO. Notes: Along roadsides, secondary forests, wastelands, forest edges. 0-1200m. Possibly two flowering seasons: Jan-Mar(-Apr) and May-Jun; Fr. (Feb-)Mar-Jun, Sep-Nov(-Feb). Native.

Lepisanthes Blume

1. Lepisanthes falcata (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 69; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 633; ≡ Hebecoccus falcatus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 453; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 499. = Hebecoccus inaequalis Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 453; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 499. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. CEBU, LAGEN, LEYTE, LUZON: Isabela, Quezon, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 60-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. falcata. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, LAGEN, LEYTE, LUZON: Quezon, PALAWAN. Notes: Forested slopes and ridges. 0-320m. Fl. Nov; fr. Mar. Native.
   • ssp. borneensis (Leenh.) Leenh., Blumea 18 (1970) 429; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 634. = Lepisanthes borneensis Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 68. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, PALAWAN. Notes: 60-1500m. Native.
2. Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 76; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 643; ≡ Otophora fruticosa (Roxb.) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 142; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 500; ≡ Sapindus fruticosus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 283. = Otophora cauliflora Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 24; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Otophora glandulosa Radlk., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 174; Radlk. in Engl. Pflanzenreich. Sapindac. (1932) 763, descr. ampl. = Otophora grandifoliola Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 163. = Otophora oliviformis Radlk., PJS 6c (1911) 24; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 501. = Otophora setigera Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 445; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 501. = Capura pinnata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 264. Distribution: Borneo, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BALABAC, BASILAN, BUSUANGA, CADLAO, CATANDUANES, CEBU, CORON, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales (photos), MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, POLO, SAMAR, SEMIRARA. Notes: 0-600(-1400)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 82; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 649; ≡ Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 118; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 498; ≡ Sapindus rubiginosus Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1 (1796) 44. = Erioglossum edule Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 229. Distribution: India to Indochina and China to Malesia and Australia. BALABAC, BASILAN, BUYAYAO (photos), CADLAO, CEBU, JOLO, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, La Union, Pampanga (photos), Quezon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-500(-1200)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Lepisanthes senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 85; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 651; ≡ Sapindus senegalensis Juss. ex Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 6 (1805) 666. = Aphania angustifolia Radlk., LPB 1 (1907) 209; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 499. = Aphania loheri Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 452; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 499. = Aphania philippinensis Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 60; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 499. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, SEMIRARA. Notes: 0-500(-1400)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8 (1878) 276; Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 39, 63; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 630; ≡ Sapindus tetraphyllus Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 3 (1794) 54. = Lepisanthes acutissima Radlk., PJS 20 (1922) 657; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 499. = Lepisanthes eriolepis Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 107 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 36); Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Lepisanthes macrocarpa Radlk., PJS 20 (1922) 657; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Lepisanthes schizolepis Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1879) 238; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Lepisanthes viridis Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 454; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Molinaea arborea Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 292. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra. CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, South Cotabato, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: Primary and secondary forests. 0-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Possibly present

1. Lepisanthes alata (Blume) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 80; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 646; Boonsuk & Chantaranothai, Thai Forest Bull. 44 (2016) 23; ≡ Otophora alata Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 145; Type: from Borneo (lecto). Notes: Not reported for the Philippines by Leenhouts (1994) and Kiew et al. (2017), but listed for the Philippines by Boonsuk & Chantaranothai (2016). Note by P.B. Pelser (24-May-2020), it is not clear to me if this species is only cultivated in the Philippines. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1).

Litchi Sonn.

1. Litchi chinensis Sonn., Voy. Indes Orient. (Sonnerat), 1st Ed. 2 (1782) 230. Distribution: LUZON: Bataan, Pangasinan, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-500m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
   • ssp. philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 129; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 654; ≡ Litchi philippinensis Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 458. = Litchi philippinensis forma mindanaensis Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 458; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 504. = Euphoria didyma Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 288; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 502. = Euphoria stellulata (Turcz.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8 (1878) 303; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 504; ≡ Sapindus stellulatus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 403. = Nephelium didymum Craib, Fl. Siam. 1 (1926) 329. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Pangasinan, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary and secondary forests. 0-500m. Cultivated. Native.

Mischocarpus Blume

1. Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1879) 113; Van der Ham, Blumea 23 (1977) 271; Van der Ham in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 662; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194; ≡ Schleichera pentapetala Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 275. = Mischocarpus brachyphyllus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 447; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 512. = Mischocarpus ellipticus Radlk., LPB 1 (1907) 210; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 513. = Mischocarpus endotrichus Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1615; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 513. = Mischocarpus fuscescens Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 169; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 513; ≡ Pedicellia fuscescens (Blume) Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 21 (1897) t.323B. = Mischocarpus salicifolius Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 64; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 513. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: (0-)800-2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Mischocarpus sundaicus Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 238; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 513; Adelb., Blumea 6 (1948) 324; Van der Ham, Blumea 23 (1977) 281; Van der Ham in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 667. Distribution: India and China through SE Asia and Malesia. ALABAT, APULIT, BASILAN, BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-800(-1600)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Mischocarpus triqueter Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 65; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 514; Van der Ham in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 668; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2440. = Mischocarpus cauliflorus Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 471; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 513. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests. 0-500m. Fl. Oct, Jan; fr. Feb-Jul. Native.

Nephelium L.

1. Nephelium cuspidatum Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 110; Boonsuk & Chantaranothai, Kew Bull. 73 (2018) 15; Type: from Borneo. = Nephelium robustum Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1607; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 505; ≡ Nephelium cuspidatum var. robustum (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 385; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 674; Type: Elmer 12934 (M, lecto; A, C, F, G, K, L, M, NY, P, U, US, isolecto), Palawan. Distribution: Borneo, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 0-200(-800)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
2. Nephelium lappaceum L., Mant. Pl. Altera (1771) 566; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 504; Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 398; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 680; Boonsuk & Chantaranothai, Kew Bull. 73 (2018) 15; Type: from Java. = Nephelium chryseum Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 105; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 504; Type: from Borneo. = Nephelium mutabile Blume var. pallens Hiern, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 678; ≡ Nephelium lappaceum var. pallens (Hiern) Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 402; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 683; Type: from Malay Peninsula. Distribution: Borneo, China, Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, ?Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Lanao del Norte (photos), PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: 0-600(-1350)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
3. Nephelium maingayi Hiern, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 688; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 685. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. DINAGAT (photos), SAMAR (photos). Notes: Possibly first reported for the Philippines via photos taken by Muhmin Michael E. Manting. Low to medium elevation. (?-)1000-1600m. Native.
4. Nephelium melanomiscum Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1879) 225; Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 410; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 687; Boonsuk & Chantaranothai, Kew Bull. 73 (2018) 15; Type: from Borneo. = Nephelium xerospermoides Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1608; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 505; Type: Elmer 11205 (M, lecto; A, FI, K, L, U, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya, Mt Apo, Sibulan River. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. ALABAT, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: 0-500(-1350)m. Native.
5. Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 415; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 689; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194; ≡ Litchi ramboutan-ake Labill., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2 (1801) 161. = Nephelium intermedium Radlk., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 61; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 504. = Nephelium mutabile Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 104; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 505. = Nephelium philippinense Monsalud et al., PJS 95 (1966) 541, nom. inval. Distribution: Borneo, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: 0-200(-1950)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Paranephelium Miq.

1. Paranephelium xestophyllum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 509; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 514; Davids, Blumea 29 (1984) 437; Davids in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 696. Distribution: Borneo, China, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: 0-300(-1100)m. Native.

Pometia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1. Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1776) 110; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 505; Jacobs in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 701. = Pometia pinnata forma repanda Jacobs, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 127; Type: PNH 9627 Canicosa (L, holo; PNH, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, 28-Jul-1949. = Pometia tomentosa (Blume) Teijsm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Teijsmann & Binnendijk) (1866) 214; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 506; ≡ Pometia pinnata forma tomentosa (Blume) Jacobs, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 130; ≡ Irina tomentosa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 231. Distribution: Malesia. BABUYAN ISLS, BALABAC, BASILAN, BATAN, BOHOL (photos), CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CEBU, GENERAL ISLAND (photos), GUIMARAS (photos), ITBAYAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur (photos), Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), Laguna, NCR, Quezon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: In everwet to seasonal regions, in both primary and secondary forests. 0-900(-1700)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Rhysotoechia Radlk.

1. Rhysotoechia ramiflora Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 9 (1879) 657; Etman, Blumea 39 (1994) 67; Etman in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 710; Type: from Sulawesi. = Rhysotoechia acuminata Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 465; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 510; Type: Loher 5882 (K, M), Luzon. = Rhysotoechia striata Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 466; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 510; Type: Clemens 1067 (M, lecto), Mindanao. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Albay, Bulacan, Quezon, Rizal, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 30-600m. Native.

Sapindus L. (Not native)

1. Sapindus saponaria L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 367; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 498; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 714. Distribution: America, Caribbean. LUZON: Abra (photos). Notes: Apparently a native of tropical and subtropical America (Florida to N Argentina), widely cultivated and naturalized in the tropics and subtropics. 820m (photos). Naturalized.
   • var. saponaria. = Sapindus turczaninowii S.Vidal, Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños Filip., Atlas (1883) 21; Type: ?Vidal 218 (MA, syn), Luzon: Manila; ?Vidal 1225 (MA, syn), Luzon: Manila. Distribution: America, Caribbean. Naturalized.

Trigonachras Radlk.

1. Trigonachras cultrata (Turcz.) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 116 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 46); Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511; Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 207; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 737; ≡ Sapindus cultratus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 403. = Trigonachras brachycarpa Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1614; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 510. = Trigonachras membranacea Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 468; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511. = Trigonachras obliqua Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 467; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511. = Trigonachras rigida Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 467; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511. = Trigonachras spectabilis Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 469; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, PANAY, ROMBLON, TABLAS, TICAO. Notes: Lowland forests, on ridges, along rivers, near the seashore. 0-500m. Fl. Apr-May; fr. Jun-Aug. Native.
2. Trigonachras cuspidata Radlk., PJS 6c (1911) 182; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511; Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 210; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 738; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194. = Trigonachras falcato-cuspidata Radlk., PJS 20 (1922) 661; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511. = Trigonachras rigida Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 467; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 511, as to FB 18727 Darling only. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna (photos), MINDANAO: Davao del Norte, POLILLO, SIBUYAN. Notes: Sea level behind mangrove and in lowland forests. Fl. Feb-Mar; fr. Jun-Jul. Native.

Possibly present

1. Trigonachras acuta (Hiern) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 9 (1879) 672; ≡ Cupania acuta Hiern, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 677. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, ?Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Apayao (photos). Notes: Photos from Apayao by Breiden De la Cruz possibly represent this species in the Philippines. 0-225m.

Tristira Radlk.

1. Tristira triptera (Blanco) Radlk., Actes Congr. Int. Bot. (Amsterdam 1877) (1878) 133 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 63); Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 502; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 740; ≡ Melicocca triptera Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 203. = Tristira pubescens Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 6 (1904) 12; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 502. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. CATANDUANES, CEBU, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Bulacan, La Union, NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAUI, ROMBLON, SIARGAO, TABLAS. Notes: 0-200m. Native.

Tristiropsis Radlk.

1. Tristiropsis acutangula Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 20 (1890) 248; Radlk. in Dur., Index Gen. Phan. (1888) 76, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 743. = Tristiropsis oblonga Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 456; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 501. = Tristiropsis ovata Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1605; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 501. = Tristiropsis subfalcata Radlk., PJS 8c (1914) 455; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 502. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Indian Ocean, Java Sea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. BASILAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Laguna (photos), MALAMAWI, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO. Notes: 0-500(-850)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.